How do I force make/GCC to show me the commands?

Question

I'm trying to debug a compilation problem, but I cannot seem to get GCC (or maybe it is make??) to show me the actual compiler and linker commands it is executing.

Here is the output I am seeing:

  CCLD   libvirt_parthelper
libvirt_parthelper-parthelper.o: In function `main':
/root/qemu-build/libvirt-0.9.0/src/storage/parthelper.c:102: undefined reference to `ped_device_get'
/root/qemu-build/libvirt-0.9.0/src/storage/parthelper.c:116: undefined reference to `ped_disk_new'
/root/qemu-build/libvirt-0.9.0/src/storage/parthelper.c:122: undefined reference to `ped_disk_next_partition'
/root/qemu-build/libvirt-0.9.0/src/storage/parthelper.c:172: undefined reference to `ped_disk_next_partition'
/root/qemu-build/libvirt-0.9.0/src/storage/parthelper.c:172: undefined reference to `ped_disk_next_partition'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make[3]: *** [libvirt_parthelper] Error 1

What I want to see should be similar to this:

$ make
gcc -Wall   -c -o main.o main.c
gcc -Wall   -c -o hello_fn.o hello_fn.c
gcc   main.o hello_fn.o   -o main

Notice how this example has the complete gcc command displayed. The above example merely shows things like "CCLD libvirt_parthelper". I'm not sure how to control this behavior.

Answer 1

To invoke a dry run:

make -n

This will show what make is attempting to do.

Answer 2

Library makefiles, which are generated by autotools (the ./configure you have to issue) often have a verbose option, so basically, using make VERBOSE=1 or make V=1 should give you the full commands.

But this depends on how the makefile was generated.

The -d option might help, but it will give you an extremely long output.

Answer 3

Use make V=1

Other suggestions here:

• make VERBOSE=1 - did not work at least from my trials.

• make -n - displays only logical operation, not command line being executed. E.g. CC source.cpp

• make --debug=j - works as well, but might also enable multi threaded building, causing extra output.

Answer 4

Since GNU Make version 4.0, the --trace argument is a nice way to tell what and why a makefile do, outputing lines like:

makefile:8: target 'foo.o' does not exist

or

makefile:12: update target 'foo' due to: bar

Answer 5

Depending on your automake version, you can also use this:

make AM_DEFAULT_VERBOSITY=1

Reference: AM_DEFAULT_VERBOSITY

Note: I added this answer since V=1 did not work for me.

Answer 6

Build system independent method

make SHELL='sh -x'

is another option. Sample Makefile:

a:
    @echo a

Output:

+ echo a
a

This sets the special SHELL variable for make, and -x tells sh to print the expanded line before executing it.

One advantage over -n is that is actually runs the commands. I have found that for some projects (e.g. Linux kernel) that -n may stop running much earlier than usual probably because of dependency problems.

One downside of this method is that you have to ensure that the shell that will be used is sh, which is the default one used by Make as they are POSIX, but could be changed with the SHELL make variable.

Doing sh -v would be cool as well, but Dash 0.5.7 (Ubuntu 14.04 sh) ignores for -c commands (which seems to be how make uses it) so it doesn't do anything.

make -p will also interest you, which prints the values of set variables.

CMake generated Makefiles

make VERBOSE=1

See: Using CMake with GNU Make: How can I see the exact commands?