How can I simplify this game statistics query?

Question

This code works as expected, but I it's long and creepy.

select p.name, p.played, w.won, l.lost from

(select users.name, count(games.name) as played
from users
inner join games on games.player_1_id = users.id
where games.winner_id > 0
group by users.name
union
select users.name, count(games.name) as played
from users
inner join games on games.player_2_id = users.id
where games.winner_id > 0
group by users.name) as p

inner join

(select users.name, count(games.name) as won
from users
inner join games on games.player_1_id = users.id
where games.winner_id = users.id
group by users.name
union
select users.name, count(games.name) as won
from users
inner join games on games.player_2_id = users.id
where games.winner_id = users.id
group by users.name) as w on p.name = w.name

inner join

(select users.name, count(games.name) as lost
from users
inner join games on games.player_1_id = users.id
where games.winner_id != users.id
group by users.name
union
select users.name, count(games.name) as lost
from users
inner join games on games.player_2_id = users.id
where games.winner_id != users.id
group by users.name) as l on l.name = p.name

As you can see, it consists of 3 repetitive parts for retrieving:

• player name and the amount of games they played
• player name and the amount of games they won
• player name and the amount of games they lost

And each of those also consists of 2 parts:

• player name and the amount of games in which they participated as player_1
• player name and the amount of games in which they participated as player_2

How could this be simplified?

The result looks like so:

           name            | played | won | lost 
---------------------------+--------+-----+------
 player_a                  |      5 |   2 |    3
 player_b                  |      3 |   2 |    1
 player_c                  |      2 |   1 |    1

Answer 1

select users.name, 
       count(case when games.winner_id > 0 
                  then games.name 
                  else null end) as played,
       count(case when games.winner_id = users.id 
                  then games.name 
                  else null end) as won,
       count(case when games.winner_id != users.id 
                  then games.name 
                  else null end) as lost
from users inner join games 
     on games.player_1_id = users.id or games.player_2_id = users.id
group by users.name;

Answer 2

Since this is a quest against "long and creepy", the query can be considerably shorter, yet. Even in pg 9.3 (or actually any version):

SELECT u.name
     , count(g.winner_id  > 0 OR NULL) AS played
     , count(g.winner_id  = u.id OR NULL) AS won
     , count(g.winner_id <> u.id OR NULL) AS lost
FROM   games g
JOIN   users u ON u.id IN (g.player_1_id, g.player_2_id)
GROUP  BY u.name;

More explanation:

• For absolute performance, is SUM faster or COUNT?

In pg 9.4 this can be cleaner with the new Aggregate FILTER clause (like @Joe already mentioned).

SELECT u.name
     , count(*) FILTER (WHERE g.winner_id  > 0) AS played
     , count(*) FILTER (WHERE g.winner_id  = u.id) AS won
     , count(*) FILTER (WHERE g.winner_id <> u.id) AS lost
FROM   games g
JOIN   users u ON u.id IN (g.player_1_id, g.player_2_id)
GROUP  BY u.name;

• The manual
• Postgres Wiki
• Depesz blog post

Answer 3

This is a case where correlated subqueries may simplify the logic:

select u.*, (played - won) as lost
from (select u.*,
             (select count(*)
              from games g
              where g.player_1_id = u.id or g.player_2_id = u.id
             ) as played,
             (select count(*)
              from games g
              where g.winner_id = u.id
             ) as won
      from users u
     ) u;

This assumes that there are no ties.