Routing with Multiple Parameters using ASP.NET MVC

Question

Our company is developing an API for our products and we are thinking about using ASP.NET MVC. While designing our API, we decided to use calls like the one below for the user to request information from the API in XML format:

http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getimages&artist=cher&api_key=b25b959554ed76058ac220b7b2e0a026

As you can see, multiple parameters are passed (i.e. artist and api_key). In ASP.NET MVC, artist would be the controller, getImages the action, but how would I pass multiple parameters to the action?

Is this even possible using the format above?

Answer 1

Parameters are directly supported in MVC by simply adding parameters onto your action methods. Given an action like the following:

public ActionResult GetImages(string artistName, string apiKey)

MVC will auto-populate the parameters when given a URL like:

/Artist/GetImages/?artistName=cher&apiKey=XXX

One additional special case is parameters named "id". Any parameter named ID can be put into the path rather than the querystring, so something like:

public ActionResult GetImages(string id, string apiKey)

would be populated correctly with a URL like the following:

/Artist/GetImages/cher?apiKey=XXX

In addition, if you have more complicated scenarios, you can customize the routing rules that MVC uses to locate an action. Your global.asax file contains routing rules that can be customized. By default the rule looks like this:

routes.MapRoute(
            "Default",                                              // Route name
            "{controller}/{action}/{id}",                           // URL with parameters
            new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" }  // Parameter defaults
        );

If you wanted to support a url like

/Artist/GetImages/cher/api-key

you could add a route like:

routes.MapRoute(
            "ArtistImages",                                              // Route name
            "{controller}/{action}/{artistName}/{apikey}",                           // URL with parameters
            new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", artistName = "", apikey = "" }  // Parameter defaults
        );

and a method like the first example above.

Answer 2

You can pass arbitrary parameters through the query string, but you can also set up custom routes to handle it in a RESTful way:

http://ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/?method=artist.getimages&artist=cher&
                                  api_key=b25b959554ed76058ac220b7b2e0a026

That could be:

routes.MapRoute(
    "ArtistsImages",
    "{ws}/artists/{artist}/{action}/{*apikey}",
    new { ws = "2.0", controller="artists" artist = "", action="", apikey="" }
    );

So if someone used the following route:

ws.audioscrobbler.com/2.0/artists/cher/images/b25b959554ed76058ac220b7b2e0a026/

It would take them to the same place your example querystring did.

The above is just an example, and doesn't apply the business rules and constraints you'd have to set up to make sure people didn't 'hack' the URL.

Answer 3

Starting with MVC 5, you can also use Attribute Routing to move the URL parameter configuration to your controllers.

A detailed discussion is available here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/webdev/archive/2013/10/17/attribute-routing-in-asp-net-mvc-5.aspx

Summary:

First you enable attribute routing

 public class RouteConfig 
 {
     public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
     {
         routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");

         routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();
     } 
 }

Then you can use attributes to define parameters and optionally data types

public class BooksController : Controller
{
    // eg: /books
    // eg: /books/1430210079
    [Route("books/{isbn?}")]
    public ActionResult View(string isbn)