Azure DevOps Server as NuGet “proxy” server

Question

I have Azure DevOps Server which will run build tasks on workstations without internet connection. The DevOps server itself can connect to internet.

I'm trying to configure Devops server in a way that when the build on one of the workstations needs a Nuget package, the server connects to the internet and downloads it, virtually serving as "proxy server" for build agents which are running on workstations without internet access.

I've configured Nuget feed and created service connection which points to that feed. However, whenever I try to use feed in build tasks, tasks fail either with "timed out" error

The nuget command failed with exit code(1) and error(Unable to load the service index for source https://**************/_packaging/nuget_feed/nuget/v3/index.json. The HTTP request to 'GET https://**************/_packaging/nuget_feed/nuget/v3/index.json' has timed out after 100000ms.)

or with:

Response status code does not indicate success: 500 (Internal Server Error - Failed to retrieve data from the upstream package source 'https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json': An error occurred while sending the request

Can Azure DevOps Server function as "Nuget package proxy", and, if yes, how can it be configured to perform this task?