I'm interested if Google App Engine provides a way to use a X.509 Certificate to create a HTTPS connection (the server where I have to connect provides the public certificate - to encrypt data that I send and the private key to decrypt the data received from that server).
According to this post https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!topic/google-appengine-python/C9RSDGeIraE it's not possible but 3 years passed since this answer was posted.
SSL client certificates are not currently supported. The feature request is here.
AppEngine has the ability to work with SSL certificate on your custom domain, that means the you can assign a certificate to a domain that is running on the AppEngine.
You cannot AFAIK make a request and provide a custom certificate per request.
Documentation on AppEngine SSL.