zip function in Racket/Scheme

问题:

Given two lists, return a list whose elements are lists of size two, such that for the i-th list, the first element is the i-th element of the first original list, and the second element is the i-th element of the second original list. If one list is smaller than the other, the resulting list is of the smallest size; and so if one of the lists is empty, return an empty list. For example:

> (zip '(1 2) '(3 4))
'((1 3) (2 4))

> (zip '(1 2 3) '())
'()
> (zip '() '(4 5 6))
'()
> (zip '(8 9) '(3 2 1 4))
'((8 3) (9 2))
> (zip '(8 9 1 2) '(3 4))
'((8 3) (9 4))

回答1:

Try so:

(map cons '(1 2 3) '(a b c))

or so:

(map list '(1 2 3) '(a b c))

---

(define zip (lambda (l1 l2) (map list l1 l2)))

->(zip '(1 2 3) '(x y z))
'((1 x) (2 y) (3 z))

回答2:

Because you didn't post the code you've written, I'm guessing this is homework. I'll give you some hints to get started, this is the general structure of the solution, fill-in the blanks - it'll be much more fun if you reach the correct answer by your own means!

(define (zip lst1 lst2)
  (cond ((<???> lst1)  ; if the first list is empty
         <???>)        ; then return the empty list 
        ((<???> lst2)  ; if the second list is empty
         <???>)        ; then also return the empty list 
        (else          ; otherwise
         (cons (list   ; cons a list with two elements:
                <???>  ; the first from the first list
                <???>) ; and the first from the second list
               (zip <???> <???>))))) ; advance recursion over both lists

I tested the above implementation with the sample inputs, and the results are as expected:

(zip '(1 2) '(3 4))
=> '((1 3) (2 4))

(zip '(1 2 3) '())
=> '()

(zip '() '(4 5 6))
=> '()

(zip '(8 9) '(3 2 1 4))
=> '((8 3) (9 2))

(zip '(8 9 1 2) '(3 4))
=> '((8 3) (9 4))

回答3:

If you've solved the problem for the first element then you can recurse on the rest of the list:

(define (zip l1 l2)
  (if (or (null? l1) (null? l2))
      '()
      (cons (list (car l1) (car l2))
            (zip  (cdr l1) (cdr l2)))))

provided you handle the base case where either list is empty.

> (zip '(1 2 3 4) '(a b))
((1 a) (2 b))
> (zip '() '(a b))
()

回答4:

If your map implementation stops at the shortest list, then zip can be defined with map, Scheme's list argument and apply. Here's a hint:

(define (zip . lsts)
  (apply <??> <??> lsts))

RSFI-1's map is sufficient. So in Racket you add (require (only-in srfi/1 map))

回答5:

If we accept Racket functions, and also relax the requirement of returning 2-tuples in favor of a more general zip, then I would check out for/list. Here are examples zipping or interleaving two or three lists, stopping at the shortest list.

(define l1 '(a b c))
(define l2 '(1 2 3))
(define l3 '(true false))

;; → '((a 1 true) (b 2 false))
(for/list ([i l1] [j l2] [k l3])
          (list i j k))

;; → '((a 1) (b 2) (c 3))
(for/list ([i l1] [j l2])
          (list i j))

;; → '()
(for/list ([i l1] [j l2] [k null])
          (list i j k))