angular-i18n work-around for translations in code?

问题:

We have to wait until Angular 6 for angular-i18n to support translations in code for error messages and such.

For those that are using angular-i18n (instead of ngx-translate for instance) what are you doing in the meantime to handle translations in code? It occurs to me that if there are not many strings then a simple language service with methods to get translations by language code and an id would work, but I am interested in something more elegant and "angular".

I do not know what the promised code translations support will look like but any temporary solution would ideally be easily converted to the angular-i18n way when it goes live.

What are people out there doing to handle this issue? Any ideas?

回答1:

This polyfill seems like the best way to go right now:

https://github.com/ngx-translate/i18n-polyfill

It allows you to wrap anything you want to translate in an i18n() function (this API is likely to be preserved in a future release of Angular - see my notes at the bottom of this answer).

The polyfill is mainly written by Olivier Combe, a member of the Angular team responsible for i18n:

---

For Angular 5, you'll need version 0.2.0 when you install:

npm install @ngx-translate/i18n-polyfill@0.2.0 --save

For Angular 6, get the latest version - currently 1.0.0:

npm install @ngx-translate/i18n-polyfill@1.0.0 --save

I got the polyfill working for both JIT and AOT compilation, for Angular 5 (it will also work for Angular 6). Here's what you need to do to translate to a single language (this is a good way to get this working - you can then get multiple languages working later, which I explain further down):

---

app.module.ts

Add the following imports to your root Angular module:

import { TRANSLATIONS, TRANSLATIONS_FORMAT } from '@angular/core';
import { I18n } from '@ngx-translate/i18n-polyfill';

add the following constant, and specify the providers in your root module:

// add this after import + export statements
// you need to specify the location for your translations file
// this is the translations file that will be used for translations in .ts files

const translations = require(`raw-loader!../locale/messages.fr.xlf`);

@NgModule({ ....

  providers:
  [
    I18n,
    {provide: TRANSLATIONS, useValue: translations},
    {provide: TRANSLATIONS_FORMAT, useValue: 'xlf'},
    ...

Note on using AOT compilation: If you're using AOT compilation to translate your templates, translation of the messages in .ts files will still be done at runtime using JIT compilation (that's why you need to reference TRANSLATIONS and TRANSLATIONS_FORMAT instead of just specifying these in your build scripts).

---

*.ts

In the .ts file where you want to provide a translation, add this:

import { I18n } from '@ngx-translate/i18n-polyfill';

constructor(private i18n: I18n) {
    console.log(i18n("This is a test {{myVar}} !", {myVar: "^_^"}));
}

This demonstrates that you can even include interpolations in the messages that you want to translate.

You can use i18n definitions (i.e. using specifying the translation 'source' id, meaning, description) like this:

this.i18n({value: 'Some message', id: 'Some message id', meaning: 'Meaning of some message', description: 'Description of some message'})

You'll still need to extract the messages, and you can use the ngx-extractor tool to do this. This is included when you install the polyfill, and I've added an example below on its usage inside an npm script. See also the readme on the polyfill page.

---

Multiple languages

To support switching between multiple languages, you'll need a factory provider for your translations. There are details on the readme of the polyfill page. You'll need something like this in your root module (or for AOT compilation, replace the return value for localeFactory with a function that detects which AOT compiled language variant of your app is currently running):

  export function localeFactory(): string {
    return (window.clientInformation && window.clientInformation.language) || window.navigator.language;
  }

  providers:
  [
    {
      provide: TRANSLATIONS,
      useFactory: (locale) => {
        locale = locale || 'en'; // default to english if no locale provided
        return require(`raw-loader!../locale/messages.${locale}.xlf`);
      },
      deps: [LOCALE_ID]
    },
    {
      provide: LOCALE_ID,
      useFactory: localeFactory
    },

---

Message extraction and xliffmerge

All of this is compatible with xliffmerge, which is a great tool for automatically merging any new translations you add, without overwriting existing translations. Xliffmerge can also automatically perform translations using Google translate (you'll need a Google translate API key). For this to work, I do the extraction and merging/translation in the following order, before I do the actual AOT build:

"extract-i18n-template-messages": "ng xi18n --outputPath=src/locale --i18n-format=xlf",
"extract-i18n-ts-messages": "ngx-extractor --input=\"src/**/*.ts\" --format=xlf --out-file=src/locale/messages.xlf",
"generate-new-translations": "xliffmerge --profile xliffmerge.json en fr es de zh"

The AOT build for a specific language version of the site looks like this:

"build:fr": "ng build --aot --output-path=dist/fr --base-href /fr/ --i18nFile=src/locale/messages.fr.xlf --i18nFormat=xlf --locale=fr",

---

Current status of this polyfill:

This is mainly written by Olivier Combe, a member of the Angular team responsible for i18n. At this stage this it's a 'speculative' polyfill for translating variables or strings in the .ts file. It's likely to be replaced by an API built into Angular which will be very similar, so upgrading later should be reasonably manageable. Here's the diclaimer from the Github page:

This library is a speculative polyfill, it means that it's supposed to replace an API that is coming in the future. If the API is different, a migration tool will be provided if it's possible and necessary.

There's been some discussion around support in forthcoming minor versions of Angular 6 for translations of variables/strings in code.

Here's a quote from Olivier Combe (from March this year), from the following discussion on Github:

https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/11405

The first PR for runtime i18n has been merged into master, along with a hello world demo app that we will use to test the features. It works at runtime, and support theoretically code translations, even if there is no service for it yet. For now it's very minimal support (static strings), we're working on adding new features (I'll make the extraction work next week, and then dynamic string with placeholders and variables). After that we'll do the service for code translations. As soon as a new feature is finished it gets merged into master, you won't have to wait for a new major.

回答2:

I have a "bizarro" work-around We can have two components

app-text.component.ts

import { Component} from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'text',
  template:`<ng-content></ng-content>`
})
export class AppTextComponent{}

and app-translation.component.ts

import { Component, QueryList, ElementRef, ContentChildren } from '@angular/core';
import { AppTextComponent } from './app-text.component';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-translation',
  template: `<ng-content></ng-content>`
})
export class AppTranslationComponent{
  @ContentChildren(AppTextComponent, { read: ElementRef }) divs: QueryList<ElementRef>;
  constructor() { }

  translate(id: string): string {
    let nativeElement: any = this.divs.find(e => e.nativeElement.id == id);
    return nativeElement ? nativeElement.nativeElement.innerText : "";
  }
}

Then, in a component we can have some like

  <app-translation #translations style="visibility:collapsed">
    <text id="message1">Translation app</text>
    <text id="message2">Hola Mundo</text>
  </app-translation>

//In your code you can use a ViewChild and the function "traslate"
  @ViewChild('translations') t;

  alert(this.t.translate("message1"));

回答3:

It has been a long time since my last response and it can be simplified.

if our .html is like

<!--at first we put all the translation in a hidden div-->
<div *ngIf="!yet" style="display: none">
    <span #t id="message1">Translation app</span>
    <span #t id="message2">Hola Mundo</span>
</div>

We have in our .ts a simple ViewChildren, a variable "yet" and a variable "translation"

  yet: boolean = false;
  translation:any={}
  @ViewChildren("t")
  set translations(values: QueryList<any>) {
    //when yet becomes true, values.length=0
    if (values.length) {
      values.forEach(c => {
        this.translation[c.nativeElement.id]=c.nativeElement.innerHTML
      })
      //it's necesary enclosed this.yet=true in a setTime to avoid 
      //the error expresion changes After Exec
      setTimeout(()=>{
        this.yet=true;
      })

    }
  }

then we can write some like

alert(this.translation['message1']);

Update The same idea: a component implementation you have a component

import { Component, QueryList, AfterViewInit, ContentChildren } from '@angular/core';
@Component({
    selector: 'ng-translation',
    template: `
    <div *ngIf="!yet" [style.display]="'none'">
    <ng-content></ng-content>
    </div>
    `
})
export class TranslationComponent implements AfterViewInit {
    @ContentChildren("t") translations: QueryList<any>
    data: any = {}
    yet: boolean = false;

    get(text: string) {
        return this.data[text];
    }
    ngAfterViewInit(): void {
        if (this.translations.length) {
            this.translations.forEach(c => {
                this.data[c.nativeElement.id] = c.nativeElement.innerHTML
            })
            setTimeout(() => {
                this.yet = true;
            })
        }
    }
}

In any other component

<ng-translation #translation>
  <span #t id="message1">Translation app</span>
  <span #t id="message2">Hola Mundo</span>
</ng-translation>

@ViewChild("translation") translation:TranslationComponent
  click()
  {
    alert(this.translation.get('message1'));
  }

Example in stackblitz