Implementing pure virtual functions with multiple

问题:

Suppose there is this interface:

class A{  
 public:  
  virtual foo()=0;  
};

And a class B which implements this interface:

class B:public A{    
 public:   
  virtual foo(){} //Foo implemented by B   
}

Finally, a class C which has classes A and B as base classes:

Class C : public A, public B {
};

My question is, there is a way to tell the compiler that the implementation for foo is the one from class B without doing an explicit call to B::foo()?

回答1:

As @BenVoigt pointed out in the comments, the below answer only works due to a bug in g++ (meaning it isn't guaranteed to keep working, and it definitely isn't portable). Thus, although it may do what you want if you use a particular (buggy) compiler, it isn't an option you should use.

Do use virtual inheritance though.

---

This isn't exactly the scenario that the code in the question implies, but the sentence

My question is, there is a way to tell the compiler that the implementation for foo is the one from class B without doing an explicit call to B::foo()?

seems to be asking for syntax to distinguish between multiple base versions of a function without using the :: qualifier.

You can do this with the using directive:

#include <iostream>
class A {
public:
A(){}
virtual void foo(){std::cout<<"A func";}
};

class B: virtual public A {
  public:
  B(){}
  virtual void foo(){std::cout<<"B func";}
};
class C:virtual public A, virtual public B {
    public:
    C(){}
    using A::foo; // tells the compiler which version to use
                   // could also say using B::foo, though this is unnecessary
};

int main() {
    C c;
    c.foo(); // prints "A func"
    return 0;
}

Of course, the code itself in the question doesn't require this at all, as the other answers have pointed out.

回答2:

Just use virtual inheritance, so that the A subobject provided by B is the same object used in C.

Or write class C : public B... it will be implicitly usable as an A anyway, via the base class B.

---

Before the question was edited:

B::foo is not compatible with A::foo.

The required signature is

ReturnType /* missing from question */ foo(A* const this /* this parameter is implicit */);

But B::foo has the signature

ReturnType foo(B* const this);

An A*, which will be passed to the virtual function, is not a B*, which the implementation requires. If B inherited from A, then the compiler would generate B::foo to accept an A* const subobject and find the B* const this object from that subobject pointer. But B::foo has no knowledge of the relationship in C.

回答3:

As you have the two base classes in your example (which might be a design issue/design smell, I'd review that) you have to explicitly call the implementation that you are after, be it A::foo() or B:foo().

If all B does is to provide the implementation of foo() I'd consider moving the implementation into A (you can provide an implementation for a pure virtual function) but even in this case you'd have to call it via its qualified name.