Manual installation of a Perl Module

问题:

I have downloaded the module Digest::SHA1 and extracted it to a directory (../Digest-SHA1-2.13/) , then copied all the SHA1.* files into (../Digest-SHA1-2.13/Digest)

and in the perl script, I did : use Digest::SHA1; launching the script like this:

perl -I ../Digest-SHA1-2.13/Digest perlscriptname.pl

I get this error:

Can't locate loadable object for module Digest::SHA1 in @INC

I assume it has something to do with a shared library (*.so)?, I have no idea how to continue from here.

I can install it directly using CPAN (-MCPAN) module, as I dont have permissions on that server to do that, and can install only locally (where the application is running). My final goal is to use Algorithm::CouponCode which is dependent on Digest::SHA1

The weird part is, that I have Digest::SHA1 installed (perl -MDigest::SHA1 -e 'print $Digest::SHA1::VERSION' shows version 2.11), still Algorithm::CouponCode (which is installed the same way I did with Digest::SHA1) complains it can find it in @INC

thanks!

回答1:

Use this recipe for manually installing perl modules:

tar zxf Digest-SHA1-2.13.tar.gz
cd Digest-SHA1-2.13
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

Note that some distributions will have a Build.PL file instead of Makefile.PL. In that case use this recipe:

tar zxf ...
cd ...
perl Build.PL
./Build
./Build test
./Build install

(You may be able to get by with just running make install and ./Build install.)

If you need to alter the installation dir then use:

perl Makefile.PL INSTALL_BASE=...

or

perl Build.PL --install_base ...

depending on the kind of module.

For more info see the perldoc for ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ and Module::Build

回答2:

There are two kinds of Perl module: pure-Perl and XS. Pure-Perl modules are written entirely in Perl, and can usually be installed just by copying the .pm files to an appropriate directory. XS modules are written in both Perl and C (XS is processed into C code by the ExtUtils::ParseXS module) and require a C compiler to install them.

As dsolimano said, the easiest way to install Perl modules for the system Perl when you don't have root access is to use local::lib. (You could do the same things that local::lib does yourself, but why bother?)

The reason why Digest::SHA1 works by itself but not when you're using Algorithm::CouponCode is that the system Perl already has version 2.11 of Digest::SHA1 installed. When you use -I ../Digest-SHA1-2.13/Digest, then use Digest::SHA1 picks up the Perl code from ../Digest-SHA1-2.13/Digest, but the shared library that would be built from the XS code is not in the corresponding location.

回答3:

Any reason why you can't use local::lib?

create and use a local lib/ for perl modules with PERL5LIB

It is basically a tool to help you use a private (non-systemwide) directory as your Perl library directory.

After setting it up, you could run a command like

perl -MCPAN -Mlocal::lib -e 'CPAN::install(Algorithm::CouponCode)'

and then your script would use your locally installed copy of Algorithm::CouponCode).