how to fetch array keys with jQuery?

问题:

Good afternoon. I have an array with some keys, and values in them. I then need to fetch the array keys and not the data in them. I want to do this with jQuery. I know for example that PHP has a function called array_keys(); which takes the array as a parameter and gives you an array back with each key in each index.

This is what I came up with, and it works... the only problem is that it seems so unefficent;

var foo = [];
foo['alfa'] = "first item";
foo['beta'] = "second item";

for (var key in foo) {
    console.log(key);
}

This will output;

alfa
beta

But is there any predefined function for this, as in PHP or any other more effective way of getting this?

回答1:

you can use the each function:

var a = {};
a['alfa'] = 0;
a['beta'] = 1;
$.each(a, function(key, value) {
      alert(key)
});

it has several nice shortcuts/tricks: check the gory details here

回答2:

Using jQuery, easiest way to get array of keys from object is following:

$.map(obj, function(element,index) {return index})

In your case, it will return this array: ["alfa", "beta"]

回答3:

console.log( Object.keys( {'a':1,'b':2} ) );

回答4:

Use an object (key/value pairs, the nearest JavaScript has to an associative array) for this and not the array object. Other than that, I believe that is the most elegant way

var foo = {};
foo['alfa'] = "first item";
foo['beta'] = "second item";

for (var key in foo) {
        console.log(key);
}

Note: JavaScript doesn't guarantee any particular order for the properties. So you cannot expect the property that was defined first to appear first, it might come last.

EDIT:

In response to your comment, I believe that this article best sums up the cases for why arrays in JavaScript should not be used in this fashion -

• "Associative Arrays" considered Harmful

回答5:

Don't Reinvent the Wheel, Use Underscore

I know the OP specifically mentioned jQuery but I wanted to put an answer here to introduce people to the helpful Underscore library if they are not aware of it already.

By leveraging the keys method in the Underscore library, you can simply do the following:

_.keys(foo)  #=> ["alfa", "beta"]

Plus, there's a plethora of other useful functions that are worth perusing.

回答6:

I use something like this function I created...

Object.getKeys = function(obj, add) {
    if(obj === undefined || obj === null) {
        return undefined;
    }
    var keys = [];
    if(add !== undefined) {
        keys = jQuery.merge(keys, add);
    }
    for(key in obj) {
        if(obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                keys.push(key);
        }
    }
    return keys;
};

I think you could set obj to self or something better in the first test. It seems sometimes I'm checking if it's empty too so I did it that way. Also I don't think {} is Object.* or at least there's a problem finding the function getKeys on the Object that way. Maybe you're suppose to put prototype first, but that seems to cause a conflict with GreenSock etc.