Read a file in buffer from FTP python

问题:

I am trying to read a file from an FTP server. The file is a .gz file. I would like to know if I can perform actions on this file while the socket is open. I tried to follow what was mentioned in two StackOverflow questions on reading files without writing to disk and reading files from FTP without downloading but was not successful.

I know how to extract data/work on the downloaded file but I'm not sure if I can do it on the fly. Is there a way to connect to the site, get data in a buffer, possibly do some data extraction and exit?

When trying StringIO I got the error:

>>> from ftplib import FTP
>>> from StringIO import StringIO
>>> ftp = FTP('ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/PMC-ids.csv.gz')

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
ftp = FTP('ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/PMC-ids.csv.gz')
File "C:\Python27\lib\ftplib.py", line 117, in __init__
self.connect(host)
File "C:\Python27\lib\ftplib.py", line 132, in connect
self.sock = socket.create_connection((self.host, self.port), self.timeout)
File "C:\Python27\lib\socket.py", line 553, in create_connection
for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
gaierror: [Errno 11004] getaddrinfo failed

I just need to know how can I get data into some variable and loop on it until the file from FTP is read.

I appreciate your time and help. Thanks!

回答1:

Make sure to login to the ftp server first. After this, use retrbinary which pulls the file in binary mode. It uses a callback on each chunk of the file. You can use this to load it into a string.

from ftplib import FTP
ftp = FTP('ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov')
ftp.login() # Username: anonymous password: anonymous@

# Setup a cheap way to catch the data (could use StringIO too)
data = []
def handle_binary(more_data):
    data.append(more_data)

resp = ftp.retrbinary("RETR pub/pmc/PMC-ids.csv.gz", callback=handle_binary)
data = "".join(data)

Bonus points: how about we decompress the string while we're at it?

Easy mode, using data string above

import gzip
import StringIO
zippy = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=StringIO.StringIO(data))
uncompressed_data = zippy.read()

Little bit better, full solution:

from ftplib import FTP
import gzip
import StringIO

ftp = FTP('ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov')
ftp.login() # Username: anonymous password: anonymous@

sio = StringIO.StringIO()
def handle_binary(more_data):
    sio.write(more_data)

resp = ftp.retrbinary("RETR pub/pmc/PMC-ids.csv.gz", callback=handle_binary)
sio.seek(0) # Go back to the start
zippy = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=sio)

uncompressed = zippy.read()

In reality, it would be much better to decompress on the fly but I don't see a way to do that with the built in libraries (at least not easily).

回答2:

There are two easy ways I can think of to download a file using FTP and store it locally:

1. Using ftplib:

   from ftplib import FTP
   
   ftp = FTP('ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov')
   ftp.login()
   ftp.cwd('pub/pmc')
   ftp.retrbinary('RETR PMC-ids.csv.gz', open('PMC-ids.csv.gz', 'wb').write)
   ftp.quit()
   

2. Using urllib

   from urllib import urlretrieve
   
   urlretrieve("ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/PMC-ids.csv.gz", "PMC-ids.csv.gz")
   

If you don't want to download and store it to a file, but you want to process it gradually as it comes, I suggest using urllib2:

from urllib2 import urlopen

u = urlopen("ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/readme.txt")

for line in u:
   print line

which prints your file line by line.

回答3:

That is not possible. To process data on the server, you need to have some sort of execution permissions, be it for a shell script you would send or SQL access.

FTP is pure file transfer, no execution allowed. You will need either to enable SSH access, load the data into a Database and access that with queries or download the file with urllib then process it locally, like this:

import urllib
handle = urllib.urlopen('ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/PMC-ids.csv.gz')
# Use data, maybe: buffer = handle.read()

In particular, I think the third one is the only zero-effort solution.