Jupyter install fails on Mac

问题:

I'm trying to install Jupyter on my Mac (OS X El Capitan) and I'm getting an error in response to:

sudo pip install -U jupyter

At first the download/install starts fine, but then I run into this:

Installing collected packages: six, singledispatch, certifi, backports-abc, tornado, jupyter-core, pyzmq, jupyter-client, functools32, jsonschema, nbformat, pygments, mistune, MarkupSafe, jinja2, nbconvert, path.py, pickleshare, simplegeneric, setuptools, gnureadline, appnope, ptyprocess, pexpect, ipython, ipykernel, terminado, notebook, ipywidgets, jupyter-console, qtconsole, jupyter
  Found existing installation: six 1.4.1
    DEPRECATION: Uninstalling a distutils installed project (six) has been deprecated and will be removed in a future version. This is due to the fact that uninstalling a distutils project will only partially uninstall the project.
    Uninstalling six-1.4.1:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 317, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 726, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 746, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 115, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 267, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
    copy2(src, real_dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
    copystat(src, dst)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
    os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-ByX5xW-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/six-1.4.1-py2.7.egg-info'

What can I do to fix this?

回答1:

The default OS X Python that El Capitan ships with is unfortunately rather badly mispackaged (grrr, Apple). Not only have they shipped some rather strange 3rd party packages already installed, but strange (old) and beta versions of those packages. Furthermore, they are heavily system protected.

This makes the default python rather unfriendly to do work with (as you have found out). In your specific case, juypter would like to install a recent version of the six library, but the system installed version is a strange old one and will not let pip update it (jupyter requires an updated version).

In general, to alleviate all future headaches, I recommend getting a different distribution of python, and putting that on your path so it is your new default. There are a couple of choices; what's important is only using one at a time (otherwise they're apt to confuse eachother, or confuse you).

1. Python.org - From the Python developers themselves
2. Homebrew - a unixy package manager for OS X, which has a normally-functioning python package
3. Anaconda Python - A scientific python distribution, with many 'harder-to-install' scientific packages already available and 'just working' (including jupyter).

I recommend going with Anaconda for now, if you don't know what to choose.

回答2:

Or you could just try

sudo pip install -U jupyter --upgrade --ignore-installed six

回答3:

This command will install jupyter for the currently logged in user, without ignoring anything:

sudo pip install --user jupyter

回答4:

Ivo's answer is correct - the best solution is to repair your python installation. An example using Homebrew (which I highly recommend) is below:

Install Homebrew:

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
brew update
brew upgrade

Install Python:

brew install python

or Python 3:

brew install python3

Upgrade/install:

pip install --upgrade pip setuptools

Install jupyter:

pip install jupyter

Note: you might need to use sudo -H with pip install