实施带着面具的输入(Implement an input with a mask)

2019-06-18 07:31发布

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我想实现一个文本掩码input ，它接受一个日期字段。掩蔽值应直接在内部显示input 。

事情是这样的：

<input type='text' value='____/__/__'>

我写的屏蔽，这个例子的值，但我的目的是让人们写的日期，而无需输入/或-分隔月，年和天数。用户应该能够号进入显示领域，而面罩自动强制格式的用户类型。

我已经看到了在其他网站这种行为，但我不知道它是如何工作或如何实现它自己。

Answer 1:

输入掩码可使用的组合来实现keyup事件，并且HTMLInputElement value ， selectionStart ，和selectionEnd属性。这里是一个非常简单的实现，做一些你想要什么。这当然不是完美的，但效果很好，足以证明原则：

 Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.body.querySelectorAll("*[data-mask]"), applyDataMask); function applyDataMask(field) { var mask = field.dataset.mask.split(''); // For now, this just strips everything that's not a number function stripMask(maskedData) { function isDigit(char) { return /\d/.test(char); } return maskedData.split('').filter(isDigit); } // Replace `_` characters with characters from `data` function applyMask(data) { return mask.map(function(char) { if (char != '_') return char; if (data.length == 0) return char; return data.shift(); }).join('') } function reapplyMask(data) { return applyMask(stripMask(data)); } function changed() { var oldStart = field.selectionStart; var oldEnd = field.selectionEnd; field.value = reapplyMask(field.value); field.selectionStart = oldStart; field.selectionEnd = oldEnd; } field.addEventListener('click', changed) field.addEventListener('keyup', changed) }

 ISO Date: <input type="text" value="____-__-__" data-mask="____-__-__"/><br/> Telephone: <input type="text" value="(___) ___-____" data-mask="(___) ___-____"/><br/>

（中的jsfiddle查看）

也有许多库在那里它们执行这一功能的。一些例子包括：

jquery.inputmask
掩蔽的输入插件
Politespace （呈现给输入掩码的替代）

Answer 2:

阅读完所有的帖子，我做了我自己的实现之后，我希望能帮助到别人：

我们的想法是，

允许进入只有数字。（按键事件）
得到所有数字的数组
由若干从阵列中的环更换掩模的每一个“_”字符

改进是值得欢迎的。

 /** * charCode [48,57] Numbers 0 to 9 * keyCode 46 "delete" * keyCode 9 "tab" * keyCode 13 "enter" * keyCode 116 "F5" * keyCode 8 "backscape" * keyCode 37,38,39,40 Arrows * keyCode 10 (LF) */ function validate_int(myEvento) { if ((myEvento.charCode >= 48 && myEvento.charCode <= 57) || myEvento.keyCode == 9 || myEvento.keyCode == 10 || myEvento.keyCode == 13 || myEvento.keyCode == 8 || myEvento.keyCode == 116 || myEvento.keyCode == 46 || (myEvento.keyCode <= 40 && myEvento.keyCode >= 37)) { dato = true; } else { dato = false; } return dato; } function phone_number_mask() { var myMask = "(___) ___-____"; var myCaja = document.getElementById("phone"); var myText = ""; var myNumbers = []; var myOutPut = "" var theLastPos = 1; myText = myCaja.value; //get numbers for (var i = 0; i < myText.length; i++) { if (!isNaN(myText.charAt(i)) && myText.charAt(i) != " ") { myNumbers.push(myText.charAt(i)); } } //write over mask for (var j = 0; j < myMask.length; j++) { if (myMask.charAt(j) == "_") { //replace "_" by a number if (myNumbers.length == 0) myOutPut = myOutPut + myMask.charAt(j); else { myOutPut = myOutPut + myNumbers.shift(); theLastPos = j + 1; //set caret position } } else { myOutPut = myOutPut + myMask.charAt(j); } } document.getElementById("phone").value = myOutPut; document.getElementById("phone").setSelectionRange(theLastPos, theLastPos); } document.getElementById("phone").onkeypress = validate_int; document.getElementById("phone").onkeyup = phone_number_mask;

 <input type="text" name="phone" id="phone" placeholder="(123) 456-7890" required="required" title="eg (123) 456-7890" pattern="^\([0-9]{3}\)\s[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{4}$">

Answer 3:

您可以通过使用Java脚本的本地方法也能达到这一点。它非常简单，并且不需要任何额外的库导入。

<input type="text" name="date" placeholder="yyyy-mm-dd" onkeyup="
  var date = this.value;
  if (date.match(/^\d{4}$/) !== null) {
     this.value = date + '-';
  } else if (date.match(/^\d{4}\-\d{2}$/) !== null) {
     this.value = date + '-';
  }" maxlength="10">

Answer 4:

你也可以试试我的实现，键入内容时不必每次按键后的延迟，并有退格键的全力支持和删除。

你可以在线试用： https://jsfiddle.net/qmyo6a1h/1/

    <html>
    <style>
    input{
      font-family:'monospace';
    }
    </style>
    <body>
      <input type="text" id="phone" placeholder="123-5678-1234" title="123-5678-1234" input-mask="___-____-____">
      <input type="button" onClick="showValue_phone()" value="Show Value" />
      <input type="text" id="console_phone" />
      <script>
        function InputMask(element) {
          var self = this;

          self.element = element;

          self.mask = element.attributes["input-mask"].nodeValue;

          self.inputBuffer = "";

          self.cursorPosition = 0;

          self.bufferCursorPosition = 0;

          self.dataLength = getDataLength();

          function getDataLength() {
            var ret = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
              if (self.mask.charAt(i) == "_") {
                ret++;
              }
            }

            return ret;
          }

          self.keyEventHandler = function (obj) {
            obj.preventDefault();

            self.updateBuffer(obj);
            self.manageCursor(obj);
            self.render();
            self.moveCursor();
          }

          self.updateBufferPosition = function () {
            var selectionStart = self.element.selectionStart;
            self.bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(selectionStart);
            console.log("self.bufferCursorPosition==" + self.bufferCursorPosition);
          }

          self.onClick = function () {
            self.updateBufferPosition();
          }

          self.updateBuffer = function (obj) {
            if (obj.keyCode == 8) {
              self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.bufferCursorPosition - 1) + self.inputBuffer.substring(self.bufferCursorPosition);
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode == 46) {
              self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.bufferCursorPosition) + self.inputBuffer.substring(self.bufferCursorPosition + 1);
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40) {
              //do nothing on cursor keys.
            }
            else {
              var selectionStart = self.element.selectionStart;
              var bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(selectionStart);
              self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, bufferCursorPosition) + String.fromCharCode(obj.which) + self.inputBuffer.substring(bufferCursorPosition);
              if (self.inputBuffer.length > self.dataLength) {
                self.inputBuffer = self.inputBuffer.substring(0, self.dataLength);
              }
            }
          }

          self.manageCursor = function (obj) {
            console.log(obj.keyCode);
            if (obj.keyCode == 8) {
              self.bufferCursorPosition--;
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode == 46) {
              //do nothing on delete key.
            }
            else if (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40) {
              if (obj.keyCode == 37) {
                self.bufferCursorPosition--;
              }
              else if (obj.keyCode == 39) {
                self.bufferCursorPosition++;
              }
            }
            else {
              var bufferCursorPosition = self.displayPosToBufferPos(self.element.selectionStart);
              self.bufferCursorPosition = bufferCursorPosition + 1;
            }
          }

          self.setCursorByBuffer = function (bufferCursorPosition) {
            var displayCursorPos = self.bufferPosToDisplayPos(bufferCursorPosition);
            self.element.setSelectionRange(displayCursorPos, displayCursorPos);
          }

          self.moveCursor = function () {
            self.setCursorByBuffer(self.bufferCursorPosition);
          }

          self.render = function () {
            var bufferCopy = self.inputBuffer;
            var ret = {
              muskifiedValue: ""
            };

            var lastChar = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
              if (self.mask.charAt(i) == "_" &&
                bufferCopy) {
                ret.muskifiedValue += bufferCopy.charAt(0);
                bufferCopy = bufferCopy.substr(1);
                lastChar = i;
              }
              else {
                ret.muskifiedValue += self.mask.charAt(i);
              }
            }

            self.element.value = ret.muskifiedValue;

          }

          self.preceedingMaskCharCount = function (displayCursorPos) {
            var lastCharIndex = 0;
            var ret = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.element.value.length; i++) {
              if (self.element.value.charAt(i) == "_"
                || i > displayCursorPos - 1) {
                lastCharIndex = i;
                break;
              }
            }

            if (self.mask.charAt(lastCharIndex - 1) != "_") {
              var i = lastCharIndex - 1;
              while (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                i--;
                if (i < 0) break;
                ret++;
              }
            }

            return ret;
          }

          self.leadingMaskCharCount = function (displayIndex) {
            var ret = 0;

            for (var i = displayIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
              if (i >= self.mask.length) {
                continue;
              }
              if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                ret++;
              }
            }

            return ret;
          }

          self.bufferPosToDisplayPos = function (bufferIndex) {
            var offset = 0;
            var indexInBuffer = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length; i++) {
              if (indexInBuffer > bufferIndex) {
                break;
              }

              if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                offset++;
                continue;
              }

              indexInBuffer++;
            }
            var ret = bufferIndex + offset;

            return ret;
          }

          self.displayPosToBufferPos = function (displayIndex) {
            var offset = 0;
            var indexInBuffer = 0;

            for (var i = 0; i < self.mask.length && i <= displayIndex; i++) {
              if (indexInBuffer >= self.inputBuffer.length) {
                break;
              }

              if (self.mask.charAt(i) != "_") {
                offset++;
                continue;
              }

              indexInBuffer++;
            }

            return displayIndex - offset;
          }

          self.getValue = function () {
            return this.inputBuffer;
          }
          self.element.onkeypress = self.keyEventHandler;
          self.element.onclick = self.onClick;
        }

        function InputMaskManager() {
          var self = this;

          self.instances = {};

          self.add = function (id) {
            var elem = document.getElementById(id);
            var maskInstance = new InputMask(elem);
            self.instances[id] = maskInstance;
          }

          self.getValue = function (id) {
            return self.instances[id].getValue();
          }

          document.onkeydown = function (obj) {
            if (obj.target.attributes["input-mask"]) {
              if (obj.keyCode == 8 ||
                obj.keyCode == 46 ||
                (obj.keyCode >= 37 && obj.keyCode <= 40)) {

                if (obj.keyCode == 8 || obj.keyCode == 46) {
                  obj.preventDefault();
                }

                //needs to broadcast to all instances here:
                var keys = Object.keys(self.instances);
                for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
                  if (self.instances[keys[i]].element.id == obj.target.id) {
                    self.instances[keys[i]].keyEventHandler(obj);
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }

        //Initialize an instance of InputMaskManager and
        //add masker instances by passing in the DOM ids
        //of each HTML counterpart.
        var maskMgr = new InputMaskManager();
        maskMgr.add("phone");

        function showValue_phone() {
          //-------------------------------------------------------__Value_Here_____
          document.getElementById("console_phone").value = maskMgr.getValue("phone");
        }
      </script>
    </body>

    </html>

Answer 5:

响应该溶液input事件，而不是关键事件（如keyup ）会给出一个流畅的体验（没有晃），并更改时没有键盘（上下文菜单，鼠标拖拽，其它设备......）做出同样适用。

下面的代码将寻找既具有输入元件placeholder属性和data-slots属性。后者应限定在被意图/作为输入插槽，例如占位符的字符（多个），“_”。一个可选的data-accept属性可设置有一个正则表达式定义的字符被允许在这样的狭槽。默认为\d ，即数字。

 // This code empowers all input tags having a placeholder and data-slots attribute document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { for (const el of document.querySelectorAll("[placeholder][data-slots]")) { const pattern = el.getAttribute("placeholder"), slots = new Set(el.dataset.slots || "_"), prev = (j => Array.from(pattern, (c,i) => slots.has(c)? j=i+1: j))(0), first = [...pattern].findIndex(c => slots.has(c)), accept = new RegExp(el.dataset.accept || "\\d", "g"), clean = input => { input = input.match(accept) || []; return Array.from(pattern, c => input[0] === c || slots.has(c) ? input.shift() || c : c ); }, format = () => { const [i, j] = [el.selectionStart, el.selectionEnd].map(i => { i = clean(el.value.slice(0, i)).findIndex(c => slots.has(c)); return i<0? prev[prev.length-1]: back? prev[i-1] || first: i; }); el.value = clean(el.value).join``; el.setSelectionRange(i, j); back = false; }; let back = false; el.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => back = e.key === "Backspace"); el.addEventListener("input", format); el.addEventListener("focus", format); el.addEventListener("blur", () => el.value === pattern && (el.value="")); } });

 [data-slots] { font-family: monospace }

 <label>Date time: <input placeholder="dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm" data-slots="dmyh"> </label><br> <label>Telephone: <input placeholder="+1 (___) ___-____" data-slots="_"> </label><br> <label>MAC Address: <input placeholder="XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX" data-slots="X" data-accept="[\dA-H]"> </label><br>

Answer 6:

Array.prototype.forEach.call(document.body.querySelectorAll("*[data-mask]"), applyDataMask);

function applyDataMask(field) {
    var mask = field.dataset.mask.split('');

    // For now, this just strips everything that's not a number
    function stripMask(maskedData) {
        function isDigit(char) {
            return /\d/.test(char);
        }
        return maskedData.split('').filter(isDigit);
    }

    // Replace `_` characters with characters from `data`
    function applyMask(data) {
        return mask.map(function(char) {
            if (char != '_') return char;
            if (data.length == 0) return char;
            return data.shift();
        }).join('')
    }

    function reapplyMask(data) {
        return applyMask(stripMask(data));
    }

    function changed() {   
        var oldStart = field.selectionStart;
        var oldEnd = field.selectionEnd;

        field.value = reapplyMask(field.value);

        field.selectionStart = oldStart;
        field.selectionEnd = oldEnd;
    }

    field.addEventListener('click', changed)
    field.addEventListener('keyup', changed)
}

Date: <input type="text" value="__-__-____" data-mask="__-__-____"/><br/>
Telephone: <input type="text" value="(___) ___-____" data-mask="(___) ___-____"/><br/>

Answer 7:

下面我介绍我的方法。我在设置输入事件input ，调用掩蔽（）方法，将返回的是一个格式化字符串，我们在插入input 。

HTML：

<input name="phone" pattern="+373 __ ___ ___" class="masked" required>

JQ：在这里我们设置的事件上输入：

$('.masked').on('input', function () {
    var input = $(this);
    input.val(Masking(input.val(), input.attr('pattern')));
});

JS：功能，这将通过图案格式化串;

function Masking (value, pattern) {
var out = '';
var space = ' ';
var any = '_';

for (var i = 0, j = 0; j < value.length; i++, j++) {
    if (value[j] === pattern[i]) {
        out += value[j];
    }
    else if(pattern[i] === any && value[j] !== space) {
        out += value[j];
    }
    else if(pattern[i] === space && value[j] !== space) {
        out += space;
        j--;
    }
    else if(pattern[i] !== any && pattern[i] !== space) {
        out += pattern[i];
        j--;
    }
}

return out;
}

Answer 8:

使用此代码： -

<input type="text" placeholder="" data-mask="9999/99/99">

与添加这个脚本https://github.com/RobinHerbots/Inputmask

文章来源: Implement an input with a mask

标签： html date input mask data-masking

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实施带着面具的输入(Implement an input with a mask)

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