Large, persistent DataFrame in pandas

问题:

I am exploring switching to python and pandas as a long-time SAS user.

However, when running some tests today, I was surprised that python ran out of memory when trying to pandas.read_csv() a 128mb csv file. It had about 200,000 rows and 200 columns of mostly numeric data.

With SAS, I can import a csv file into a SAS dataset and it can be as large as my hard drive.

Is there something analogous in pandas?

I regularly work with large files and do not have access to a distributed computing network.

回答1:

In principle it shouldn't run out of memory, but there are currently memory problems with read_csv on large files caused by some complex Python internal issues (this is vague but it's been known for a long time: http://github.com/pydata/pandas/issues/407).

At the moment there isn't a perfect solution (here's a tedious one: you could transcribe the file row-by-row into a pre-allocated NumPy array or memory-mapped file--np.mmap), but it's one I'll be working on in the near future. Another solution is to read the file in smaller pieces (use iterator=True, chunksize=1000) then concatenate then with pd.concat. The problem comes in when you pull the entire text file into memory in one big slurp.

回答2:

Wes is of course right! I'm just chiming in to provide a little more complete example code. I had the same issue with a 129 Mb file, which was solved by:

from pandas import *

tp = read_csv('large_dataset.csv', iterator=True, chunksize=1000)  # gives TextFileReader, which is iterable with chunks of 1000 rows.
df = concat(tp, ignore_index=True)  # df is DataFrame. If errors, do `list(tp)` instead of `tp`

回答3:

This is an older thread, but I just wanted to dump my workaround solution here. I initially tried the chunksize parameter (even with quite small values like 10000), but it didn't help much; had still technical issues with the memory size (my CSV was ~ 7.5 Gb).

Right now, I just read chunks of the CSV files in a for-loop approach and add them e.g., to an SQLite database step by step:

import pandas as pd
import sqlite3
from pandas.io import sql
import subprocess

# In and output file paths
in_csv = '../data/my_large.csv'
out_sqlite = '../data/my.sqlite'

table_name = 'my_table' # name for the SQLite database table
chunksize = 100000 # number of lines to process at each iteration

# columns that should be read from the CSV file
columns = ['molecule_id','charge','db','drugsnow','hba','hbd','loc','nrb','smiles']

# Get number of lines in the CSV file
nlines = subprocess.check_output('wc -l %s' % in_csv, shell=True)
nlines = int(nlines.split()[0]) 

# connect to database
cnx = sqlite3.connect(out_sqlite)

# Iteratively read CSV and dump lines into the SQLite table
for i in range(0, nlines, chunksize):

    df = pd.read_csv(in_csv,  
            header=None,  # no header, define column header manually later
            nrows=chunksize, # number of rows to read at each iteration
            skiprows=i)   # skip rows that were already read

    # columns to read        
    df.columns = columns

    sql.to_sql(df, 
                name=table_name, 
                con=cnx, 
                index=False, # don't use CSV file index
                index_label='molecule_id', # use a unique column from DataFrame as index
                if_exists='append') 
cnx.close()    

回答4:

Below is my working flow.

import sqlalchemy as sa
import pandas as pd
import psycopg2

count = 0
con = sa.create_engine('postgresql://postgres:pwd@localhost:00001/r')
#con = sa.create_engine('sqlite:///XXXXX.db') SQLite
chunks = pd.read_csv('..file', chunksize=10000, encoding="ISO-8859-1",
                     sep=',', error_bad_lines=False, index_col=False, dtype='unicode')

Base on your file size, you'd better optimized the chunksize.

 for chunk in chunks:
        chunk.to_sql(name='Table', if_exists='append', con=con)
        count += 1
        print(count)

After have all data in Database, You can query out those you need from database.

回答5:

If you want to load huge csv files, dask might be a good option. It mimics the pandas api, so it feels quite similar to pandas

link to dask on github

回答6:

You can use Pytable rather than pandas df. It is designed for large data sets and the file format is in hdf5. So the processing time is relatively fast.