我想在我工作的一个PyQt的应用程序中嵌入一个IPython的QT控制台窗口小部件。 下面提供（并且适于从代码https://stackoverflow.com/a/9796491/1332492 ）完成此为IPython的v0.12。 然而，这种崩溃在线路IPython的V0.13 self.heartbeat.start()与RuntimeError: threads can only be started once 。 注释掉此行带来了窗口小部件，但不响应用户输入。
有谁知道如何实现IPython的V0.13等效的功能？
"""
Adapted from
https://stackoverflow.com/a/9796491/1332492
"""
import os
import atexit
from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import IPKernelApp
from IPython.lib.kernel import find_connection_file
from IPython.frontend.qt.kernelmanager import QtKernelManager
from IPython.frontend.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget
from IPython.config.application import catch_config_error
from PyQt4 import QtCore
class IPythonLocalKernelApp(IPKernelApp):
DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS = ['']
@catch_config_error
def initialize(self, argv=None):
super(IPythonLocalKernelApp, self).initialize(argv)
self.kernel.eventloop = self.loop_qt4_nonblocking
def loop_qt4_nonblocking(self, kernel):
"""Non-blocking version of the ipython qt4 kernel loop"""
kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration)
kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
def start(self, argv=DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS):
"""Starts IPython kernel app
argv: arguments passed to kernel
"""
self.initialize(argv)
self.heartbeat.start()
if self.poller is not None:
self.poller.start()
self.kernel.start()
class IPythonConsoleQtWidget(RichIPythonWidget):
_connection_file = None
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
RichIPythonWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
self._existing = True
self._may_close = False
self._confirm_exit = False
def _init_kernel_manager(self):
km = QtKernelManager(connection_file=self._connection_file, config=self.config)
km.load_connection_file()
km.start_channels(hb=self._heartbeat)
self.kernel_manager = km
atexit.register(self.kernel_manager.cleanup_connection_file)
def connect_kernel(self, connection_file, heartbeat=False):
self._heartbeat = heartbeat
if os.path.exists(connection_file):
self._connection_file = connection_file
else:
self._connection_file = find_connection_file(connection_file)
self._init_kernel_manager()
def main(**kwargs):
kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
kernelapp.start()
widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.connection_file)
widget.show()
return widget
if __name__ == "__main__":
from PyQt4.QtGui import QApplication
app = QApplication([''])
main()
app.exec_()
回溯为V0.13
RuntimeError Traceback (most recent call last)
/Users/beaumont/terminal.py in <module>()
80 from PyQt4.QtGui import QApplication
81 app = QApplication([''])
---> 82 main()
global main = <function main at 0x106d0c848>
83 app.exec_()
/Users/beaumont/terminal.py in main(**kwargs={})
69 def main(**kwargs):
70 kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
---> 71 kernelapp.start()
kernelapp.start = <bound method IPythonLocalKernelApp.start of <__main__.IPythonLocalKernelApp object at 0x106d10590>>
72
73 widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
/Users/beaumont/terminal.py in start(self=<__main__.IPythonLocalKernelApp object>, argv=[''])
33 """
34 self.initialize(argv)
---> 35 self.heartbeat.start()
self.heartbeat.start = <bound method Heartbeat.start of <Heartbeat(Thread-1, started daemon 4458577920)>>
36
37 if self.poller is not None:
/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.pyc in start(self=<Heartbeat(Thread-1, started daemon 4458577920)>)
487 raise RuntimeError("thread.__init__() not called")
488 if self.__started.is_set():
--> 489 raise RuntimeError("threads can only be started once")
global RuntimeError = undefined
490 if __debug__:
491 self._note("%s.start(): starting thread", self)
RuntimeError: threads can only be started once
Answer 1:
没关系，这代码似乎达到目的（即它把一个非阻塞IPython的解释器在一个Qt小部件，它可以嵌入到其它窗口小部件）。 传递给关键词terminal_widget被添加到窗口小部件的名称空间
import atexit
from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import IPKernelApp
from IPython.lib.kernel import find_connection_file
from IPython.frontend.qt.kernelmanager import QtKernelManager
from IPython.frontend.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget
from IPython.utils.traitlets import TraitError
from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
def event_loop(kernel):
kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration)
kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
def default_kernel_app():
app = IPKernelApp.instance()
app.initialize(['python', '--pylab=qt'])
app.kernel.eventloop = event_loop
return app
def default_manager(kernel):
connection_file = find_connection_file(kernel.connection_file)
manager = QtKernelManager(connection_file=connection_file)
manager.load_connection_file()
manager.start_channels()
atexit.register(manager.cleanup_connection_file)
return manager
def console_widget(manager):
try: # Ipython v0.13
widget = RichIPythonWidget(gui_completion='droplist')
except TraitError: # IPython v0.12
widget = RichIPythonWidget(gui_completion=True)
widget.kernel_manager = manager
return widget
def terminal_widget(**kwargs):
kernel_app = default_kernel_app()
manager = default_manager(kernel_app)
widget = console_widget(manager)
#update namespace
kernel_app.shell.user_ns.update(kwargs)
kernel_app.start()
return widget
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
widget = terminal_widget(testing=123)
widget.show()
app.exec_()
Answer 2:
通过@ChrisB接受的答案是罚款IPython的版本0.13，但它不与新版本。 从实例部分 github上IPython的内核资源库， 这是做到在1.x版+（目前4.0.1测试），其具有以下特征：控制台和内核都在同一个进程的方式。
下面是一个例子，根据官方之一，它给出了可以容易地插入到应用程序中的方便的类。 它是建立与Python的2.7 PyQt4的和IPython的4.0.1工作：
（注意：您需要安装ipykernel和qtconsole包）
# Set the QT API to PyQt4
import os
os.environ['QT_API'] = 'pyqt'
import sip
sip.setapi("QString", 2)
sip.setapi("QVariant", 2)
from PyQt4.QtGui import *
# Import the console machinery from ipython
from qtconsole.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget
from qtconsole.inprocess import QtInProcessKernelManager
from IPython.lib import guisupport
class QIPythonWidget(RichIPythonWidget):
""" Convenience class for a live IPython console widget. We can replace the standard banner using the customBanner argument"""
def __init__(self,customBanner=None,*args,**kwargs):
if not customBanner is None: self.banner=customBanner
super(QIPythonWidget, self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
self.kernel_manager = kernel_manager = QtInProcessKernelManager()
kernel_manager.start_kernel()
kernel_manager.kernel.gui = 'qt4'
self.kernel_client = kernel_client = self._kernel_manager.client()
kernel_client.start_channels()
def stop():
kernel_client.stop_channels()
kernel_manager.shutdown_kernel()
guisupport.get_app_qt4().exit()
self.exit_requested.connect(stop)
def pushVariables(self,variableDict):
""" Given a dictionary containing name / value pairs, push those variables to the IPython console widget """
self.kernel_manager.kernel.shell.push(variableDict)
def clearTerminal(self):
""" Clears the terminal """
self._control.clear()
def printText(self,text):
""" Prints some plain text to the console """
self._append_plain_text(text)
def executeCommand(self,command):
""" Execute a command in the frame of the console widget """
self._execute(command,False)
class ExampleWidget(QWidget):
""" Main GUI Widget including a button and IPython Console widget inside vertical layout """
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(ExampleWidget, self).__init__(parent)
layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
self.button = QPushButton('Another widget')
ipyConsole = QIPythonWidget(customBanner="Welcome to the embedded ipython console\n")
layout.addWidget(self.button)
layout.addWidget(ipyConsole)
# This allows the variable foo and method print_process_id to be accessed from the ipython console
ipyConsole.pushVariables({"foo":43,"print_process_id":print_process_id})
ipyConsole.printText("The variable 'foo' and the method 'print_process_id()' are available. Use the 'whos' command for information.")
def print_process_id():
print 'Process ID is:', os.getpid()
def main():
app = QApplication([])
widget = ExampleWidget()
widget.show()
app.exec_()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Answer 3:
了2016更新的PyQt5工作：
from qtconsole.qt import QtGui
from qtconsole.rich_jupyter_widget import RichJupyterWidget
from qtconsole.inprocess import QtInProcessKernelManager
class ConsoleWidget(RichJupyterWidget):
def __init__(self, customBanner=None, *args, **kwargs):
super(ConsoleWidget, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
if customBanner is not None:
self.banner = customBanner
self.font_size = 6
self.kernel_manager = kernel_manager = QtInProcessKernelManager()
kernel_manager.start_kernel(show_banner=False)
kernel_manager.kernel.gui = 'qt'
self.kernel_client = kernel_client = self._kernel_manager.client()
kernel_client.start_channels()
def stop():
kernel_client.stop_channels()
kernel_manager.shutdown_kernel()
guisupport.get_app_qt().exit()
self.exit_requested.connect(stop)
def push_vars(self, variableDict):
"""
Given a dictionary containing name / value pairs, push those variables
to the Jupyter console widget
"""
self.kernel_manager.kernel.shell.push(variableDict)
def clear(self):
"""
Clears the terminal
"""
self._control.clear()
# self.kernel_manager
def print_text(self, text):
"""
Prints some plain text to the console
"""
self._append_plain_text(text)
def execute_command(self, command):
"""
Execute a command in the frame of the console widget
"""
self._execute(command, False)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
widget = ConsoleWidget()
widget.show()
app.exec_()
Answer 4:
IPython的0.13版本的一些清理工作：
#coding: utf-8
'''
Updated for IPython 0.13
Created on 18-03-2012
Updated: 11-09-2012
@author: Paweł Jarosz
'''
import atexit
from PySide import QtCore, QtGui
from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import IPKernelApp
from IPython.lib.kernel import find_connection_file
from IPython.frontend.qt.kernelmanager import QtKernelManager
from IPython.frontend.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget
from IPython.config.application import catch_config_error
DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS = ['qtconsole','--pylab=inline', '--colors=linux']
class IPythonLocalKernelApp(IPKernelApp):
@catch_config_error
def initialize(self, argv=DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS):
"""
argv: IPython args
example:
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
kernelapp.initialize()
widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
widget.set_default_style(colors='linux')
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.get_connection_file())
# if you won't to connect to remote kernel you don't need kernelapp part, just widget part and:
# widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernel-16098.json')
# where kernel-16098.json is the kernel name
widget.show()
namespace = kernelapp.get_user_namespace()
nxxx = 12
namespace["widget"] = widget
namespace["QtGui"]=QtGui
namespace["nxxx"]=nxxx
app.exec_()
"""
super(IPythonLocalKernelApp, self).initialize(argv)
self.kernel.eventloop = self.loop_qt4_nonblocking
self.kernel.start()
self.start()
def loop_qt4_nonblocking(self, kernel):
"""Non-blocking version of the ipython qt4 kernel loop"""
kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration)
kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
def get_connection_file(self):
"""Returne current kernel connection file."""
return self.connection_file
def get_user_namespace(self):
"""Returns current kernel userspace dict"""
return self.kernel.shell.user_ns
class IPythonConsoleQtWidget(RichIPythonWidget):
def connect_kernel(self, connection_file, heartbeat = False):
"""
connection_file: str - is the connection file name, for example 'kernel-16098.json'
heartbeat: bool - workaround, needed for right click/save as ... errors ... i don't know how to
fix this issue. Anyone knows? Anyway it needs more testing
example1 (standalone):
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
widget.set_default_style(colors='linux')
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='some connection file name')
app.exec_()
example2 (IPythonLocalKernelApp):
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
kernelapp.initialize()
widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
# Green text, black background ;)
widget.set_default_style(colors='linux')
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernelapp.get_connection_file())
app.exec_()
"""
km = QtKernelManager(connection_file=find_connection_file(connection_file), config=self.config)
km.load_connection_file()
km.start_channels(hb=heartbeat)
self.kernel_manager = km
atexit.register(self.kernel_manager.cleanup_connection_file)
def main():
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
kernelapp.initialize()
widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
widget.set_default_style(colors='linux')
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.get_connection_file())
# if you connect to outside app kernel you don't need kernelapp part,
# just widget part and:
# widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernel-16098.json')
# where kernel-16098.json is the kernel name
widget.show()
namespace = kernelapp.get_user_namespace()
nxxx = 12
namespace["widget"] = widget
namespace["QtGui"]=QtGui
namespace["nxxx"]=nxxx
app.exec_()
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
Answer 5:
pberkes还跟来更新我的这个例子：
https://gist.github.com/pberkes/5266744
我有工作在最新的1.0-dev的在单独的窗口，现在我只需要弄清楚如何访问我所有的程序变量，并把它贴在我的主窗口。
Answer 6:
可能帮助他人研究这个：我碰到下面这个例子：
https://github.com/gpoulin/python-test/blob/master/embedded_qtconsole.py
经过测试，与PySide，IPython的2.1.0，3.4.1的Python工作。 看来我甚至可以matplotlib直接使用。
from IPython.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget
from IPython.qt.inprocess import QtInProcessKernelManager
from PySide import QtGui, QtCore
class EmbedIPython(RichIPythonWidget):
def __init__(self, **kwarg):
super(RichIPythonWidget, self).__init__()
self.kernel_manager = QtInProcessKernelManager()
self.kernel_manager.start_kernel()
self.kernel = self.kernel_manager.kernel
self.kernel.gui = 'qt4'
self.kernel.shell.push(kwarg)
self.kernel_client = self.kernel_manager.client()
self.kernel_client.start_channels()
class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.textEdit = QtGui.QTextEdit()
but1 = QtGui.QPushButton('write')
but1.clicked.connect(self.but_write)
but2 = QtGui.QPushButton('read')
but2.clicked.connect(self.but_read)
self.a = {'text': ''}
self.console = EmbedIPython(testing=123, a=self.a)
self.console.kernel.shell.run_cell('%pylab qt')
vbox = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
hbox = QtGui.QHBoxLayout()
vbox.addWidget(self.textEdit)
vbox.addWidget(self.console)
hbox.addWidget(but1)
hbox.addWidget(but2)
vbox.addLayout(hbox)
b = QtGui.QWidget()
b.setLayout(vbox)
self.setCentralWidget(b)
def but_read(self):
self.a['text'] = self.textEdit.toPlainText()
self.console.execute("print('a[\\\'text\\\'] = \"'+ a['text'] +'\"')")
def but_write(self):
self.textEdit.setText(self.a['text'])
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
main = MainWindow()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
Answer 7:
您是否尝试过一些在IPython的源代码提供的最新的例子吗？ 我最近遇到下面就从fperez（我想买那个男人啤酒），他们似乎说明捕捉嵌入在GUI变量的一个很好的方式。
https://github.com/ipython/ipython/blob/master/docs/examples/lib/ipkernel_qtapp.py
文章来源: Embedding IPython Qt console in a PyQt application
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