How can a python 2 doctest fail and yet have no di

问题:

I'm using Python 2.7.9 in Windows.

I have a UTF-8-encoded python script file with the following contents:

# coding=utf-8

def test_func():
    u"""
    >>> test_func()
    u'☃'
    """
    return u'☃'

I get a curious failure when I run the doctest:

Failed example:
    test_func()
Expected:
    u'\u2603'
Got:
    u'\u2603'

I see this same failure output whether I launch the doctests through the IDE I usually use (IDEA IntelliJ), or from the command line:

> x:\my_virtualenv\Scripts\python.exe -m doctest -v hello.py

I copied the lines under Expected and Got into WinMerge to rule out some subtle difference in the characters I couldn't spot; it told me they were identical.

However, if I redo the command line run, but redirect the output to a text file, like so:

> x:\my_virtualenv\Scripts\python.exe -m doctest -v hello.py > out.txt

the test still fails, but the resulting failure output is a bit different:

Failed example:
    test_func()
Expected:
    u'☃'
Got:
    u'\u2603'

If I put the escaped unicode literal in my doctest:

# coding=utf-8

def test_func():
    u"""
    >>> test_func()
    u'☃'
    """
    return u'\\u2603'

the test passes. But as far as I can tell, u'\u2603' and u'☃' should evaluate to the same thing.

Really I have two questions about the failing case:

• Is one of the representations that the doctester is giving (under Expected or Got) incorrect for the value that the doctester has for that case? (i.e. x != eval(repr(x)))
• If not, why does the test fail?

回答1:

The doctest module uses difflib to differentiate between the result and the expected result. Like the following:

>>> import difflib
>>> variation = difflib.unified_diff('x', 'x')
>>> list(variation)
[]
>>> variation = difflib.unified_diff('x', 'y')
>>> list(variation)
['--- \n', '+++ \n', '@@ -1 +1 @@\n', '-x', '+y']

Under the hood, the doctest module formats the result and expected result several times. Your problem seems to be an interpretation mistake caused by the string encodings. What gets printed to the console has been formatted (using %s), thus getting rid of any visible differences; making them look identical.

回答2:

Just for free and also because this possibility is not considered in the working discussion: I had a weakly similar problem. See

[...]
Expected:
    <xarray.DataArray ()>
    array(0.0)
    Coordinates:
        d1   |S3 'nat'
        d2   |S3 'dat'
        d3   |S3 'a'        
Got:
    <xarray.DataArray ()>
    array(0.0)
    Coordinates:
        d1   |S3 'nat'
        d2   |S3 'dat'
        d3   |S3 'a'

For sure, no human-visible difference. The solution in my trivial case was to ensure there were no whitespace !