Ignoring directories in Git repos on Windows

问题:

How can I ignore directories or folders in Git using msysgit on Windows?

回答1:

Create a file named .gitignore in your project's directory. Ignore directories by entering the directory name into the file (with a slash appended):

dir_to_ignore/

More info here.

回答2:

By default windows explorer will display .gitignore when in-fact the file name is .gitignore.txt

Git will not use .gitignore.txt

And you can't rename the file to .gitignore because explorer thinks its a file of type gitignore with no name.

Non command line solution:

You can rename a file to ".gitignore." and it will create ".gitignore"

回答3:

It seems that for ignoring files and directories there are two main ways:

1. .gitignore

   • Placing .gitignore file into the root of your repo besides .git folder (in Windows make sure you see the true file extension and then make .gitignore. (with the point at the end to make empty file extension) )
   • Making global configuration ~/.gitignore_global and running git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore_global to add this to your git config

   note: files tracked before can be untracked by running git rm --cached filename

2. Repo exclude - For local files that do not need to be shared, you just add the file pattern or directory to the file .git/info/exclude. Theses rules are not commited, so are not seen by other users more info here

[updated] To make exceptions in list of ignored files, see this question.

回答4:

I had some issues creating a file in windows explorer with a . at the beginning.

a workaround was to go into the commandshell and create a new file using "edit"

回答5:

to instruct GIT to ignore certain files or folders, you have to create .gitignore file.

but in windows explorer you have to provide a name for the file, you just cannot create file with just extension, the trick is that create a empty text file and go to command prompt and change the name of the file to .gitignore

ren "New Text Document.txt" .gitignore

now open the file with your favorite text editor and add the file/folder names you wish you ignore. you can also use wildcards like this *.txt

hope it answers you question

回答6:

If you want to maintain a folder and not the files inside it, just put a ".gitignore" file in the folder with "*" as content. This file will ignore all content from repository. But .gitignore will be include in your repo.

$ git add path/to/folder/.gitignore

If you add empty folder, you receive this message (.gitignore is hidden file)

The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:
path/to/folder/.gitignore
Use -f if you really want to add them.
fatal: no files added

So, use "-f" to force add:

$ git add path/to/folder/.gitignore -f

回答7:

In Windows there's an extra catch with slashes. Excluding a single directory in .gitignore with

dir_to_exclude/

will possibly work, but excluding all directories with

/

causes problems when you have file names with spaces (like my file.txt) in your directory: Git bash escapes these spaces with a backslash (like my\ file.txt) and Git for Windows doesn't distinguish between / and \.

To exclude all directories better use:

**/

Two consecutive asteriscs signify directory contents.

回答8:

Also in your \.git\info projects directory there is an exclude file that is effectively the same thing as .gitignore (I think). You can add files and directories to ignore in that.

回答9:

To ignore an entire directory in git, the easiest way is to include a .gitignore file within the target directory which simply contains "*"

An illustrative example,

Example System

/root/
    .gitignore
    /dirA/
        someFile1.txt
        someFile2.txt
    /dirB/
        .gitignore
        someFile3.txt
        someFile4.txt

Goal

• ignore the contents of /dirB/

Top Level .gitignore (/root/.gitignore)

• This is where your standard gitignore info goes

Ignored Directory .gitignore (/root/dirB.gitignore)

• This file just reads as '*' and the directory is ignored completely, itself and all files!

and it's that simple :)

回答10:

Just in case you need to exclude sub folders you can use the ** wildcard to exclude any level of sub directory.

**/build/output/Debug/

回答11:

I've had some problems getting git to pickup the .gitignore file on Windows. The $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file always seems to work though. The downside of this approach, however, is that the files in the $GIT_DIR directory are not included in the check-in, and therefore not shared.

( p.s. $GIT_DIR is usually the hidden folder named .git )

回答12:

You can create the ".gitignore" file with the contents:

*
!.gitignore

It works for me and simples.

回答13:

When everything else fails try editing the file

/.git/info/exclude

and adding the directories you want to the end of the file, like this:

# git ls-files --others --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude
# Lines that start with '#' are comments.
# For a project mostly in C, the following would be a good set of
# exclude patterns (uncomment them if you want to use them):
# *.[oa]
# *~
assets/
compiled/

I added the folders "assets" and "compiled" to the list of files and directories to ignore.

回答14:

I assume the problem is that your working tree is like:

a-cache/foo
a-cache/index.html
b-cache/bar
b-cache/foo
b-cache/index.html
.gitignore

... with the .gitignore you describe. This will give you git status output like:

$ git status
# On branch master
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   .gitignore
#   a-cache/
#   b-cache/

... if the index.html files have not yet been added to the repository. (git sees that there are unignored files in the cache directories, but only reports the directories.) To fix this, make sure that you have added and committed the index.html files:

git add *cache/index.html
git commit -m "Adding index.html files to the cache directories"

... and your git status will then look like:

$ git status
# On branch master
# Untracked files:
#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#   .gitignore
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

(Obviously you do want to commit .gitignore as well, I was just being lazy with this test case.)

回答15:

On Unix:

touch .gitignore

On Windows:

echo > .gitignore

These commands executed in a terminal will create a .gitignore file in the current location.

Then just add info to this .gitignore file (using Notepad++ for example) which files or folders should be ignored. Save your changes. That's it :)

More information: https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/gitignore

回答16:

On windows and Mac, if you want to ignore a folder named Flower_Data_Folder in the current directory, you can do:

echo Flower_Data_Folder >> .gitignore

If its a file named data.txt

echo data.txt >> .gitignore

if its a path like "Data/passwords.txt"

echo "Data/passwords.txt" >> .gitignore.

回答17:

I had similar issues, I work on a windows tool chain with a shared repo with linux guys, they happlily create files with the same [except for case] names in a given folder.

The effect is that I can clone the repo and immediatly have dozens of 'modified' files that if I checked in would create havoc.

I have windows set to case sensitive and git to not ignore case but it still fails (in the win32 api calls apparently).

If I gitignore the files then I have to remember to not track the .gitignore file.

But I found a good answer here http://archive.robwilkerson.org/2010/03/02/git-tip-ignore-changes-to-tracked-files/index.html

Chris