How to cURL an Authenticated Django App?

问题:

I've a few APIs I'd like to test with cURL. I tried doing a GET as follows:

curl --user username:password --request GET http://my_domain/get_result/52d6428f3ea9a008358ad2d8/

On the server, it showed a '302' (which means redirection, right?). I'm guessing it redirected to the 'login/' page.

What is the proper way of getting this done?

Edit: I tried:

curl -c cookies.txt -b cookies.txt -L -d @login_form.txt http://my_domain/login/

where login_form.txt contains "username=username&password=password&this_is_the_login_form=1". Doesn't work. No cookies.txt files generated. And no login happening. Can you tell me how you achieve login to Django using cURL?

回答1:

Here is a fully coded answer. The idea of the solution is:

1. you have to first visit the login page with GET to get the cookies file generated,
2. then parse the CSRF token out of the cookies file
3. and do the login using a POST request, passing the data with -d.

Afterwards you can perform any request always using that CSRF token in the data ($DJANGO_TOKEN) or with a custom X-CSRFToken header. To log out simply delete the cookies file.

Note that you need a referer (-e) to make Django's CSRF checks happy.

LOGIN_URL=https://yourdjangowebsite.com/login/
YOUR_USER='username'
YOUR_PASS='password'
COOKIES=cookies.txt
CURL_BIN="curl -s -c $COOKIES -b $COOKIES -e $LOGIN_URL"

echo -n "Django Auth: get csrftoken ..."
$CURL_BIN $LOGIN_URL > /dev/null
DJANGO_TOKEN="csrfmiddlewaretoken=$(grep csrftoken $COOKIES | sed 's/^.*csrftoken\s*//')"

echo -n " perform login ..."
$CURL_BIN \
    -d "$DJANGO_TOKEN&username=$YOUR_USER&password=$YOUR_PASS" \
    -X POST $LOGIN_URL

echo -n " do something while logged in ..."
$CURL_BIN \
    -d "$DJANGO_TOKEN&..." \
    -X POST https://yourdjangowebsite.com/whatever/

echo " logout"
rm $COOKIES

I have a slightly more secure version of this code, which uses a file for submitting the POST data, as a Gist on GitHub: django-csrftoken-login-demo.bash

Interesting background reading on Django's CSRF token is on docs.djangoproject.com.

回答2:

Passing username:password in a curl request is only good for HTTP Authentication, which isn't how most websites do auth these days. Instead, you'll have to post to the login page, get the cookie, then pass it back when requesting your desired page.

回答3:

Actually @Paterino answer is correct but it will not work on every implementation of sed. Instead sed 's/^.*csrftoken\s*//') we can use sed 's/^.*csrftoken[[:blank:]]*//') which is more old fashioned. MacOSXs curl doesn't use escaping, so \n\t\s don't work at all.