我有一个问题类似,但不完全相同的人回答在这里。
我想一个函数生成的所有元素的k个-combinations从n个元素的列表。 请注意,我要寻找的组合,而不是排列,而且我们需要改变为k的溶液(即硬编码的循环是一个禁忌)。
我要寻找一个解决方案,是一个)优雅,和b)可在VB10 / .NET 4.0进行编码。
这意味着a)要求LINQ解决方案是确定,b)中的那些使用C#“产量”命令都没有。
组合的顺序并不重要(即,辞书,格雷码,什么具备的,你)和优雅的优于性能,如果两者有冲突。
(OCaml的和C#解决方案, 这里将是完美的,如果他们能在VB10进行编码。)
Answer 1:
代码在C#,产生的组合为k个元素的数组的列表:
public static class ListExtensions
{
public static IEnumerable<T[]> Combinations<T>(this IEnumerable<T> elements, int k)
{
List<T[]> result = new List<T[]>();
if (k == 0)
{
// single combination: empty set
result.Add(new T[0]);
}
else
{
int current = 1;
foreach (T element in elements)
{
// combine each element with (k - 1)-combinations of subsequent elements
result.AddRange(elements
.Skip(current++)
.Combinations(k - 1)
.Select(combination => (new T[] { element }).Concat(combination).ToArray())
);
}
}
return result;
}
}
这里使用集合初始化语法是VB 2010(可用源 )。
Answer 2:
我试图创建一个可以在VB中完成此任务的枚举。 这是结果:
Public Class CombinationEnumerable(Of T)
Implements IEnumerable(Of List(Of T))
Private m_Enumerator As CombinationEnumerator
Public Sub New(ByVal values As List(Of T), ByVal length As Integer)
m_Enumerator = New CombinationEnumerator(values, length)
End Sub
Public Function GetEnumerator() As System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator(Of List(Of T)) Implements System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable(Of List(Of T)).GetEnumerator
Return m_Enumerator
End Function
Private Function GetEnumerator1() As System.Collections.IEnumerator Implements System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
Return m_Enumerator
End Function
Private Class CombinationEnumerator
Implements IEnumerator(Of List(Of T))
Private ReadOnly m_List As List(Of T)
Private ReadOnly m_Length As Integer
''//The positions that form the current combination
Private m_Positions As List(Of Integer)
''//The index in m_Positions that we are currently moving
Private m_CurrentIndex As Integer
Private m_Finished As Boolean
Public Sub New(ByVal list As List(Of T), ByVal length As Integer)
m_List = New List(Of T)(list)
m_Length = length
End Sub
Public ReadOnly Property Current() As List(Of T) Implements System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator(Of List(Of T)).Current
Get
If m_Finished Then
Return Nothing
End If
Dim combination As New List(Of T)
For Each position In m_Positions
combination.Add(m_List(position))
Next
Return combination
End Get
End Property
Private ReadOnly Property Current1() As Object Implements System.Collections.IEnumerator.Current
Get
Return Me.Current
End Get
End Property
Public Function MoveNext() As Boolean Implements System.Collections.IEnumerator.MoveNext
If m_Positions Is Nothing Then
Reset()
Return True
End If
While m_CurrentIndex > -1 AndAlso (Not IsFree(m_Positions(m_CurrentIndex) + 1)) _
''//Decrement index of the position we're moving
m_CurrentIndex -= 1
End While
If m_CurrentIndex = -1 Then
''//We have finished
m_Finished = True
Return False
End If
''//Increment the position of the last index that we can move
m_Positions(m_CurrentIndex) += 1
''//Add next positions just after it
Dim newPosition As Integer = m_Positions(m_CurrentIndex) + 1
For i As Integer = m_CurrentIndex + 1 To m_Positions.Count - 1
m_Positions(i) = newPosition
newPosition += 1
Next
m_CurrentIndex = m_Positions.Count - 1
Return True
End Function
Public Sub Reset() Implements System.Collections.IEnumerator.Reset
m_Finished = False
m_Positions = New List(Of Integer)
For i As Integer = 0 To m_Length - 1
m_Positions.Add(i)
Next
m_CurrentIndex = m_Length - 1
End Sub
Private Function IsFree(ByVal position As Integer) As Boolean
If position < 0 OrElse position >= m_List.Count Then
Return False
End If
Return Not m_Positions.Contains(position)
End Function
''//Add IDisposable support here
End Class
End Class
...你可以使用我的代码是这样的:
Dim list As New List(Of Integer)(...)
Dim iterator As New CombinationEnumerable(Of Integer)(list, 3)
For Each combination In iterator
Console.WriteLine(String.Join(", ", combination.Select(Function(el) el.ToString).ToArray))
Next
我的代码给出了(在我的例子3)指定长度的组合,虽然,我才意识到,你希望有任何长度(我认为)的组合,但它是一个良好的开端。
Answer 3:
这不是很清楚,我在你希望你的VB代码返回它生成的组合什么样的形式,但为了简单起见,我们假设列表的列表。 VB确实允许递归和递归的解决方案是最简单的。 这样做的组合,而不是排列可以容易地获得,通过简单地尊重输入列表的排序。
所以,K个出列表L这N项长期的组合是:
- 无,如果K>Ñ
- 整个列表L,如果满足K ==ñ
- 如果满足K <N,则两束的联合:那些包含L的第一项和任何K-1中的其它N-1项的组合; 加,其它N-1项K的组合。
在伪代码(例如使用.size给一个列表的长度,[]为空列表,.append将项目添加到列表,。头以获取列表的第一项,.tail拿到“列表中的所有,但L的第一”项目):
function combinations(K, L):
if K > L.size: return []
else if K == L.size:
result = []
result.append L
return result
else:
result = []
for each sublist in combinations(K-1, L.tail):
subresult = []
subresult.append L.head
for each item in sublist:
subresult.append item
result.append subresult
for each sublist in combinations(K, L.tail):
result.append sublist
return result
如果你承担更多的灵活列表操作语法本伪代码可以更加简洁。 例如,在Python(“可执行的伪代码”)用“切片”和“列表理解”的语法:
def combinations(K, L):
if K > len(L): return []
elif K == len(L): return [L]
else: return [L[:1] + s for s in combinations(K-1, L[1:])
] + combinations(K, L[1:])
无论您是需要反复.append以冗长构造列表,或可以通过简洁列表理解符号构建他们来说,是一个语法细节(如头部的选择和尾VS列表切片表示法来获取列表的第一项VS休息):伪代码是为了表达完全相同的想法(这也是英国在一个编号列表表达了同样的想法)。 您可以实现,它能够递归的任何语言的想法(当然,有些最小的列表操作 - !)。
Answer 4:
我一扭,提供一个排序列表,首先由长 - 然后通过阿尔法
Imports System.Collections.Generic
Public Class LettersList
Public Function GetList(ByVal aString As String) As List(Of String)
Dim returnList As New List(Of String)
' Start the recursive method
GetListofLetters(aString, returnList)
' Sort the list, first by length, second by alpha
returnList.Sort(New ListSorter)
Return returnList
End Function
Private Sub GetListofLetters(ByVal aString As String, ByVal aList As List(Of String))
' Alphabetize the word, to make letter key
Dim tempString As String = Alphabetize(aString)
' If the key isn't blank and the list doesn't already have the key, add it
If Not (String.IsNullOrEmpty(tempString)) AndAlso Not (aList.Contains(tempString)) Then
aList.Add(tempString)
End If
' Tear off a letter then recursify it
For i As Integer = 0 To tempString.Length - 1
GetListofLetters(tempString.Remove(i, 1), aList)
Next
End Sub
Private Function Alphabetize(ByVal aString As String) As String
' Turn into a CharArray and then sort it
Dim aCharArray As Char() = aString.ToCharArray()
Array.Sort(aCharArray)
Return New String(aCharArray)
End Function
End Class
Public Class ListSorter
Implements IComparer(Of String)
Public Function Compare(ByVal x As String, ByVal y As String) As Integer Implements System.Collections.Generic.IComparer(Of String).Compare
If x.Length = y.Length Then
Return String.Compare(x, y)
Else
Return (x.Length - y.Length)
End If
End Function
End Class
Answer 5:
我可以提供以下解决方案 - 还不是很完善,并不快,而且它假定输入是一组,因此不包含重复的项目。 我将在以后添加一些解释。
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Int32 n = 5;
Int32 k = 3;
Boolean[] falseTrue = new[] { false, true };
Boolean[] pattern = Enumerable.Range(0, n).Select(i => i < k).ToArray();
Int32[] items = Enumerable.Range(1, n).ToArray();
do
{
Int32[] combination = items.Where((e, i) => pattern[i]).ToArray();
String[] stringItems = combination.Select(e => e.ToString()).ToArray();
Console.WriteLine(String.Join(" ", stringItems));
var right = pattern.SkipWhile(f => !f).SkipWhile(f => f).Skip(1);
var left = pattern.Take(n - right.Count() - 1).Reverse().Skip(1);
pattern = left.Concat(falseTrue).Concat(right).ToArray();
}
while (pattern.Count(f => f) == k);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
它产生确定如果一个元素属于当前组合开始布尔模式的序列k
倍真(1)在最左侧,其余所有假(0)。
n = 5 k = 3
11100
11010
10110
01110
11001
10101
01101
10011
01011
00100
如下产生下一个图案。 假设当前的模式是以下内容。
00011110000110.....
左扫描到右,跳过所有零(假)。
000|11110000110....
进一步上扫描一(真)的第一个块。
0001111|0000110....
将所有除了最右边一回最左边跳过的。
1110001|0000110...
最后移到最右边跳过一个单一的姿势要正确。
1110000|1000110...
文章来源: How to Generate Combinations of Elements of a List in .NET 4.0