How to display progress of scipy.optimize function

问题:

I use scipy.optimize to minimize a function of 12 arguments.

I started the optimization a while ago and still waiting for results.

Is there a way to force scipy.optimize to display its progress (like how much is already done, what are the current best point)?

回答1:

As mg007 suggested, some of the scipy.optimize routines allow for a callback function (unfortunately leastsq does not permit this at the moment). Below is an example using the "fmin_bfgs" routine where I use a callback function to display the current value of the arguments and the value of the objective function at each iteration.

import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import fmin_bfgs

Nfeval = 1

def rosen(X): #Rosenbrock function
    return (1.0 - X[0])**2 + 100.0 * (X[1] - X[0]**2)**2 + \
           (1.0 - X[1])**2 + 100.0 * (X[2] - X[1]**2)**2

def callbackF(Xi):
    global Nfeval
    print '{0:4d}   {1: 3.6f}   {2: 3.6f}   {3: 3.6f}   {4: 3.6f}'.format(Nfeval, Xi[0], Xi[1], Xi[2], rosen(Xi))
    Nfeval += 1

print  '{0:4s}   {1:9s}   {2:9s}   {3:9s}   {4:9s}'.format('Iter', ' X1', ' X2', ' X3', 'f(X)')   
x0 = np.array([1.1, 1.1, 1.1], dtype=np.double)
[xopt, fopt, gopt, Bopt, func_calls, grad_calls, warnflg] = \
    fmin_bfgs(rosen, 
              x0, 
              callback=callbackF, 
              maxiter=2000, 
              full_output=True, 
              retall=False)

The output looks like this:

Iter    X1          X2          X3         f(X)      
   1    1.031582    1.062553    1.130971    0.005550
   2    1.031100    1.063194    1.130732    0.004973
   3    1.027805    1.055917    1.114717    0.003927
   4    1.020343    1.040319    1.081299    0.002193
   5    1.005098    1.009236    1.016252    0.000739
   6    1.004867    1.009274    1.017836    0.000197
   7    1.001201    1.002372    1.004708    0.000007
   8    1.000124    1.000249    1.000483    0.000000
   9    0.999999    0.999999    0.999998    0.000000
  10    0.999997    0.999995    0.999989    0.000000
  11    0.999997    0.999995    0.999989    0.000000
Optimization terminated successfully.
         Current function value: 0.000000
         Iterations: 11
         Function evaluations: 85
         Gradient evaluations: 17

At least this way you can watch as the optimizer tracks the minimum

回答2:

Following @joel's example, there is a neat and efficient way to do the similar thing. Following example show how can we get rid of global variables, call_back functions and re-evaluating target function multiple times.

import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import fmin_bfgs

def rosen(X, info): #Rosenbrock function
    res = (1.0 - X[0])**2 + 100.0 * (X[1] - X[0]**2)**2 + \
           (1.0 - X[1])**2 + 100.0 * (X[2] - X[1]**2)**2


    # display information
    if info['Nfeval']%100 == 0:
        print '{0:4d}   {1: 3.6f}   {2: 3.6f}   {3: 3.6f}   {4: 3.6f}'.format(info['Nfeval'], X[0], X[1], X[2], res)
    info['Nfeval'] += 1
    return res

print  '{0:4s}   {1:9s}   {2:9s}   {3:9s}   {4:9s}'.format('Iter', ' X1', ' X2', ' X3', 'f(X)')   
x0 = np.array([1.1, 1.1, 1.1], dtype=np.double)
[xopt, fopt, gopt, Bopt, func_calls, grad_calls, warnflg] = \
    fmin_bfgs(rosen, 
              x0, 
              args=({'Nfeval':0},), 
              maxiter=1000, 
              full_output=True, 
              retall=False,
              )

This will generate output like

Iter    X1          X2          X3         f(X)     
   0    1.100000    1.100000    1.100000    2.440000
 100    1.000000    0.999999    0.999998    0.000000
 200    1.000000    0.999999    0.999998    0.000000
 300    1.000000    0.999999    0.999998    0.000000
 400    1.000000    0.999999    0.999998    0.000000
 500    1.000000    0.999999    0.999998    0.000000
Warning: Desired error not necessarily achieved due to precision loss.
         Current function value: 0.000000
         Iterations: 12
         Function evaluations: 502
         Gradient evaluations: 98

However, no free launch, here I used function evaluation times instead of algorithmic iteration times as a counter. Some algorithms may evaluate target function multiple times in a single iteration.

回答3:

Which minimization function are you using exactly?

Most of the functions have progress report built, including multiple levels of reports showing exactly the data you want, by using the disp flag (for example see scipy.optimize.fmin_l_bfgs_b).

回答4:

Try using:

options={'disp': True} 

to force scipy.optimize.minimize to print intermediate results.