How to update GUI with backgroundworker?

问题:

I have spent the whole day trying to make my application use threads but with no luck. I have read much documentation about it and I still get lots of errors, so I hope you can help me.

I have one big time consuming method which calls the database and updates the GUI. This has to happen all the time(or about every 30 seconds).

public class UpdateController
{
    private UserController _userController;

    public UpdateController(LoginController loginController, UserController userController)
    {
        _userController = userController;
        loginController.LoginEvent += Update;
    }

    public void Update()
    {
        BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();
        while(true)
        {
            backgroundWorker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker_DoWork);
            backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();
        }     
    }

    public void backgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        _userController.UpdateUsersOnMap();
    }
}

With this approach I get an exception because the backgroundworker is not and STA thread(but from what I can understand this is what I should use). I have tried with a STA thread and that gave other errors.

I think the problem is because I try to update the GUI while doing the database call(in the background thread). I should only be doing the database call and then somehow it should switch back to the main thread. After the main thread has executed it should go back to the background thread and so on. But I can\'t see how to do that.

The application should update the GUI right after the database call. Firering events don\'t seem to work. The backgroundthread just enters them.

EDIT:

Some really great answers :) This is the new code:

public class UpdateController{
private UserController _userController;
private BackgroundWorker _backgroundWorker;

public UpdateController(LoginController loginController, UserController userController)
{
    _userController = userController;
    loginController.LoginEvent += Update;
    _backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();
    _backgroundWorker.DoWork += backgroundWorker_DoWork;
    _backgroundWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted;
}

public void _backgroundWorker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
{
    _userController.UpdateUsersOnMap();
}

public void Update()
{   
    _backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();
}

void backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    //UI update
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000);
    Update();
}

public void backgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
    // Big database task
}

}

But how can I make this run every 10 second? System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10000) will just make my GUI freeze and while(true) loop in Update() as suggested gives an exception(Thread too busy).

回答1:

You need to declare and configure the BackgroundWorker once - then Invoke the RunWorkerAsync method within your loop...

public class UpdateController
{
    private UserController _userController;
    private BackgroundWorker _backgroundWorker;

    public UpdateController(LoginController loginController, UserController userController)
    {
        _userController = userController;
        loginController.LoginEvent += Update;
        _backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();
        _backgroundWorker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker_DoWork);
        _backgroundWorker.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(backgroundWorker_ProgressChanged);
        _backgroundWorker.WorkerReportsProgress= true;
    }

    public void Update()
    {
         _backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();    
    }

    public void backgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        while (true)
        {
        // Do the long-duration work here, and optionally
        // send the update back to the UI thread...
        int p = 0;// set your progress if appropriate
        object param = \"something\"; // use this to pass any additional parameter back to the UI
        _backgroundWorker.ReportProgress(p, param);
        }
    }

    // This event handler updates the UI
    private void backgroundWorker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        // Update the UI here
//        _userController.UpdateUsersOnMap();
    }
}

回答2:

You have to use the Control.InvokeRequired property to determine if you are on a background thread. Then you need to invoke your logic that modified your UI via the Control.Invoke method to force your UI operations to occur on the main thread. You do this by creating a delegate and passing it to the Control.Invoke method. The catch here is you need some object derived from Control to call these methods.

Edit: As another user posted, if yo you can wait to the BackgroundWorker.Completed event to update your UI then you can subscribe to that event and call your UI code directly. BackgroundWorker_Completed is called on the main app thread. my code assumes you want to do updates during the operation. One alternative to my method is to subscribe to the BwackgroundWorker.ProgressChanged event, but I believe you\'ll need to still call Invoke to update your UI in that case.

for example

public class UpdateController
{
    private UserController _userController;        
    BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();

    public UpdateController(LoginController loginController, UserController userController)
    {
        _userController = userController;
        loginController.LoginEvent += Update;
    }

    public void Update()
    {                        
         // The while loop was unecessary here
         backgroundWorker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker_DoWork);
         backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync();                 
    }

    public delegate void DoUIWorkHandler();


    public void backgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
       // You must check here if your are executing on a background thread.
       // UI operations are only allowed on the main application thread
       if (someControlOnMyForm.InvokeRequired)
       {
           // This is how you force your logic to be called on the main
           // application thread
           someControlOnMyForm.Invoke(new             
                      DoUIWorkHandler(_userController.UpdateUsersOnMap);
       }
       else
       {
           _userController.UpdateUsersOnMap()
       }
    }
}

回答3:

You should remove the while(true), you are adding infinite event handlers and invoking them infinite times.

回答4:

You can use the RunWorkerCompleted event on the backgroundWorker class to define what should be done when the background task has completed. So you should do the database call in the DoWork handler, and then update the interface in the RunWorkerCompleted handler, something like this:

BackgroundWorker bgw = new BackgroundWorker();
bgw.DoWork += (o, e) => { longRunningTask(); }

bgw.RunWorkerCompleted += (o, e) => {
    if(e.Error == null && !e.Cancelled)
    {
        _userController.UpdateUsersOnMap();
    }
}

bgw.RunWorkerAsync();

回答5:

In addition to previous comments, take a look at www.albahari.com/threading - best doc on threading you will ever find. It will teach you how to use the BackgroundWorker properly.

You should update the GUI when the BackgroundWorker fires Completed event (which is invoked on UI thread to make it easy for you, so that you don\'t have to do Control.Invoke yourself).

回答6:

The if-statement in @Lee\'s answer should look like:

bgw.RunWorkerCompleted += (o, e) => {
    if(e.Error == null && !e.Cancelled)
    {
        _userController.UpdateUsersOnMap();
    }
}

...if you want to invoke UpdateUsersOnMap(); when there are no errors and BgWorker hasn\'t been cancelled.

回答7:

Here\'s a source code pattern you can use. In this example, I am redirecting Console which I then use to let the background worker write some messages to a textbox while it is processing.

This is the helper class TextBoxStreamWriter, which is used to redirect console output:

public class TextBoxStreamWriter : TextWriter
{

    TextBox _output = null;

    public TextBoxStreamWriter(TextBox output)
    {
        _output = output;
    }

    public override void WriteLine(string value)
    {
        // When character data is written, append it to the text box.
        // using Invoke so it works in a different thread as well
        _output.Invoke((Action)(() => _output.AppendText(value+\"\\r\\n\")));
    }

}

You need to use it in the form load event as follows:

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Instantiate the writer and redirect the console out
    var _writer = new TextBoxStreamWriter(txtResult);
    Console.SetOut(_writer);
}

There is also a button on the form which starts the background worker, it passes a path to it:

private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync(txtPath.Text);
}

This is the workload of the background worker, note how it uses the console to output messages to the textbox:

private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
    var selectedPath = e.Argument as string;
    Console.Out.WriteLine(\"Processing Path:\"+selectedPath);
    // ...
}

If you need to reset some controls afterwards, do it in the following way:

private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    progressBar1.Invoke((Action) (() =>
        {
            progressBar1.MarqueeAnimationSpeed = 0;
            progressBar1.Style = ProgressBarStyle.Continuous;
        }));
}

In this example, after completion, a progress bar is being reset.

---

Important: Whenever you access a GUI control, use Invoke as I did in the examples above. Using Lambda\'s makes it easy, as you could see in the code.