Synchronizing four shell scripts to run one after

问题:

I have 4 shell script to generate a file(let's say param.txt) which is used by another tool(informatica) and as the tool is done with processing, it deletes param.txt.

The intent here is all four scripts can get invoked at different time lets say 12:10 am, 12:13 am, 12:16 am, 12:17 am. First script runs at 12:10am and creates param.txt and trigger informatica process which uses param.txt. Informatica process takes another 5-10 minutes to complete and deletes the param.txt. The 2nd script invokes at 12:13 am and waits for unavailability of param.txt and as informatica process deletes it, script 2 creates new param.txt and triggers same informatica again. The same happen for another 2 scripts.

I am using Until and sleep commands in all 4 shell script to check the unavailability of param.txt like below:

until [ ! -f "$paramfile" ]
do
    Sleep 10
done
<create param.txt file>

Issue here is, sometimes when all 4 scripts begin, the first one succeeds and generates param.txt(as there was no param.txt before) and other waits but when informatica process completes and deletes param.txt, remaining 3 scripts or 2 of them checks the unavailability at same time and one of them creates it but all succeed. I have checked different combinations of sleep interval between four scripts but this situation is occurring almost every time.

回答1:

You are experiencing a classical race condition. To solve this issue, you need a shared "lock" (or similar) between your 4 scripts.

There are several ways to implement this. One way to do this in bash is by using the flock command, and an agreed-upon filename to use as a lock. The flock man page has some usage examples which resemble this:

(
    flock -x 200  # try to acquire an exclusive lock on the file
    # do whatever check you want. You are guaranteed to be the only one
    # holding the lock
    if [ -f "$paramfile" ]; then
        # do something
    fi
) 200>/tmp/lock-life-for-all-scripts
# The lock is automatically released when the above block is exited

You can also ask flock to fail right away if the lock can't be acquired, or to fail after a timeout (e.g. to print "still trying to acquire the lock" and restart).

Depending on your use case, you could also put the lock on the 'informatica' binary (be sure to use 200< in that case, to open the file for reading instead of (over)writing)

回答2:

You can use GNU Parallel as a counting semaphore or a mutex, by invoking it as sem instead of as parallel. Scroll down to Mutex on this page.

So, you could use:

sem --id myGlobalId 'create input file; run informatica'
sem --id myGlobalId 'create input file; run informatica'
sem --id myGlobalId 'create input file; run informatica'
sem --id myGlobalId 'create input file; run informatica'

Note I have specified a global id in case you run the jobs from different terminals or cron. This is not necessary if you are starting all jobs from one terminal.

回答3:

Thanks for your valuable suggestions. It did help me to think from other dimension. However I missed to mention that I am using Solaris UNIX where I couldn't find equivalent of flock or similar function. I could have asked team to install one utility but in mean time I found a workaround for this issue.

I read about the mkdir function being atomic in nature where as 'touch' command to create a file is not(still don't have complete explanation on how it works). That means at a time only 1 script can create/delete directory 'lockdir' out of 4 and other 3 has to wait.

while true;
do 
if mkdir "$lockdir"; then
   < create param file >

break;
fi
    Sleep 30
done