What is the appropriate HTTP status code response

问题:

I'm creating a RESTful API that will process a number of user interactions, including placing orders using stored credit cards.

In the case of a successful order, I'm returning a 200 OK, and in the case where the order request is malformed or invalid I'm returning a 400 Bad Request. But what should I return if there is a problem during the actual processing of the order?

1. Client POSTS order to server for a user resource. If user does not exist, 404 Not Found is returned.
2. Order format and information is validated. If not valid, 400 Bad Request is returned.
3. Order is processed. If the order is successful, a 201 Created is returned for the order. If an unexpected error is encountered, a 500 Server Error is returned.

The last step is the problem - what do I return if the order doesn't complete for any other reason? Possible scenarios could include:

• Product is sold out
• User maximum order limit reached
• Credit card transaction failure (insufficient funds, etc.)

This doesn't seem like it would be appropriate for either a 400 or 500. If anything I could see it as a 400 if there's no better code - the request was invalid according to the business rules. It just doesn't seem accurate.

Edit: Also found this existing discussion of the same topic. All of the answers there seem to point to using status codes for this type of violation, with some discussion between using 400, 409, or the 422 extension.

回答1:

You should use 400 for business rules. Don't return 2xx if the order was not accepted. HTTP is an application protocol, never forget that. If you return 2xx the client can assume the order was accepted, regardless of any information you send in the body.

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From RESTful Web Services Cookbook:

One common mistake that some web services make is to return a status code that reflects success (status codes from 200 to 206 and from 300 to 307) but include a message body that describes an error condition. Doing this prevents HTTP-aware software from detecting errors. For example, a cache will store it as successful response and serve it to subsequent clients even when clients may be able to make a successful request.

I'll leave it to you to decide between 4xx and 5xx, but you should use an error status code.

回答2:

Error type:

4×× Client Error

Error code:

422 Unprocessable Entity

The server understands the content type of the request entity (hence a 415 Unsupported Media Type status code is inappropriate), and the syntax of the request entity is correct (thus a 400 Bad Request status code is inappropriate) but was unable to process the contained instructions.

For example, this error condition may occur if an XML request body contains well-formed (i.e., syntactically correct), but semantically erroneous, XML instructions.

https://httpstatuses.com/422

回答3:

You should use 4xx for a client error if the client can modify the request to get around the error. Use a 5xx for a server error that the client can't really work around.

Product sold out would be a server error. The client can't modify the request in some fashion to get around the error. You could switch to another product but wouldn't that be a new request?

User maximum order limit reached is also a server error. Nothing the client can do to work around that error.

Credit card transaction failure would be a client error. The client could resubmit the request with a different payment method or credit card number to work around the error.

回答4:

I know this question is old, but I came up with the very same question today. If my user runs out of credits, what status code should my REST API return?

I tend to lean towards 402 Payment Required:

According to Wikipedia:

Reserved for future use. The original intention was that this code might be used as part of some form of digital cash or micropayment scheme, but that has not happened, and this code is not usually used. Google Developers API uses this status if a particular developer has exceeded the daily limit on requests.

And indeed they do:

PAYMENT_REQUIRED (402)

• A daily budget limit set by the developer has been reached.
• The requested operation requires more resources than the quota allows. Payment is required to complete the operation.
• The requested operation requires some kind of payment from the authenticated user.

回答5:

I do'nt think 400 can be used for all the business scenario. It can be used for basic data input validation. Beyond that we might have hard to time fit other business logic into this error code. The error handled by this are mostly design time errors which developer will encounter possibly during the coding of the client.

Let's say all parameters are correct and let's say we are passing user account number into the request.

So request is now no longer a bad request, the server is able to accept the request. But now it is refusing to fulling the request based on new information available which is - account does not have sufficient balance.

I would suggest we should use 403 with appropriate error message in those scenarios.

Other possible error code could be 409 conflict. But that is used in scenarios where the resource is in in consistent state.

回答6:

How about 424 Failed Dependency? The spec describes it as:

The method could not be performed on the resource because the requested action depended on another action and that action failed.

You can tell the client (or pretend) that you have internal actions which are supposed to create the order, and deduct the balance, and that one of those actions failed, and hence the request failed.

As far as I can see, "action" is quite a broad term, and can be used in a variety of situations, including insufficient stock, insufficient credit, or warehouse party night.

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Another option might be 422 Unprocessable Entity:

The server understands the content type of the request entity (hence a 415 Unsupported Media Type status code is inappropriate), and the syntax of the request entity is correct (thus a 400 Bad Request status code is inappropriate) but was unable to process the contained instructions.

For example, this error condition may occur if an XML request body contains well-formed (i.e., syntactically correct), but semantically erroneous, XML instructions.

Trying to request an item which is out of stock, or when you have insufficient credit, could be considered a mistake at the semantic level.

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Arguably insufficient stock or warehouse party night could be considered temporary states, so the request could be retried again later. That situation can be indicated by 503 Service Unavailable

The server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overload or scheduled maintenance, which will likely be alleviated after some delay.

The server MAY send a Retry-After header field to suggest an appropriate amount of time for the client to wait before retrying the request.

回答7:

I go with 406 Not Acceptable.

Here's a 4xx list:

const HTTP_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
const HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
const HTTP_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
const HTTP_FORBIDDEN = 403;
const HTTP_NOT_FOUND = 404;
const HTTP_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
const HTTP_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
const HTTP_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
const HTTP_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
const HTTP_CONFLICT = 409;
const HTTP_GONE = 410;
const HTTP_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
const HTTP_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
const HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
const HTTP_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
const HTTP_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
const HTTP_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
const HTTP_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
const HTTP_I_AM_A_TEAPOT = 418;                                               // RFC2324
const HTTP_MISDIRECTED_REQUEST = 421;                                         // RFC7540
const HTTP_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422;                                        // RFC4918
const HTTP_LOCKED = 423;                                                      // RFC4918
const HTTP_FAILED_DEPENDENCY = 424;                                           // RFC4918
const HTTP_RESERVED_FOR_WEBDAV_ADVANCED_COLLECTIONS_EXPIRED_PROPOSAL = 425;   // RFC2817
const HTTP_UPGRADE_REQUIRED = 426;                                            // RFC2817
const HTTP_PRECONDITION_REQUIRED = 428;                                       // RFC6585
const HTTP_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS = 429;                                           // RFC6585