Passing additional arguments to gtk function

问题:

I'm trying to learn how to make GUIs using gtk+ 3.0. I want to pass a simple argument, an integer, to a callback function, so that when I press the button the value of the argument changes. Here's my code:

#include <gtk/gtk.h>

void buttonFunction(GtkWidget * widget, gpointer data, int & n){
    n = 1;
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv){
    int n = 0;
    GtkWidget * window;
    GtkWidget * button; 

    gtk_init(&argc,&argv);

    window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    button = gtk_button_new_with_label("Osss");

    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),button);
    gtk_widget_show_all(window);

    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(buttonFunction), n);

    gtk_main();

    return 0;
}

The only way I found to pass the argument was as a pointer:

void buttonFunction(GtkWidget * widget, gpointer * data);
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(buttonFunction), &n);

How do I pass multiple arguments this way tho?

回答1:

To pass multiple arguments, you define a structure, fill it, and pass a pointer to the structure as the gpointer user_data parameter of the g_signal_connect, which is the last parameter. Then in your callback, you just cast the user_data parameter to a pointer to your structure.

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
    int n = 0;
    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *button; 

    gtk_init (&argc,&argv);

    window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    button = gtk_button_new_with_label ("Osss");

    gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER(window), button);
    gtk_widget_show_all (window);

    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);

    /* Here's the magic: you pass a pointer to the variable you'd like to modify
     * in the callback, be it a simple variable or a struct */
    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(buttonFunction), &n);

    gtk_main();

    return 0;
}

void on_button_clicked (GtkButton *button, gpointer user_data) /* No extra parameter here ! */
{
    /* you cast to the type of what you passed as last argument of g_signal_connect */ 
    int *pn = user_data; 
    *pn = 1;
}

You MUST use the signature of the callback defined in the documentation (look at the "signals" section of the documentation for GtkButton), you can't make things up. BTW, you can't pass n as a reference instead of a pointer. If you want to use GTK in C++, give a look at GTKmm.

回答2:

There are a bunch of useful macros which store an integer (32bit, no longer!) into a pointer.

int a = 42;
gpointer ptr = GINT_TO_POINTER (a)
//GUINT_TO_POINTER (a), GBOOLEAN_TO_POINTER (a), GSIZE_TO_POINTER (a)

reverse:

int a2 = GPOINTER_TO_INT (ptr);
//GPOINTER_TO_UINT (ptr), GPOINTER_TO_...