Which programming languages can be used to develop

问题:

Possible Duplicate:
Which programming languages can I use on Android Dalvik?

Mostly, Android applications are written in Java. But i heard that its also possible to use Scala or some other languages. And I also read that it's possible to include native C/C++ code.

Is there a refernce/list available that shows which languages can be used?

回答1:

• At launch, Java was the only officially supported programming language for building distributable third-party Android software.

• Android Native Development Kit (Android NDK) which will allow developers to build Android software components with C and C++.

• In addition to delivering support for native code, Google is also extending Android to support popular dynamic scripting languages. Earlier this month, Google launched the Android Scripting Environment (ASE) which allows third-party developers to build simple Android applications with perl, JRuby, Python, LUA and BeanShell. For having idea and usage of ASE, refer this Example link.

• Scala is also supported. For having examples of Scala, refer these Example link-1 , Example link-2 , Example link-3 .

• Just now i have referred one Article Here in which i found some useful information as follows:

  1. programming language is Java but bridges from other languages exist (C# .net - Mono, etc).
  2. can run script languages like LUA, Perl, Python, BeanShell, etc.
     
     

• I have read 2nd article at Google Releases 'Simple' Android Programming Language . For example of this, refer this .

• Just now (2 Aug 2010) i have read an article which describes regarding "Frink Programming language and Calculating Tool for Android", refer this links Link-1 , Link-2

• On 4-Aug-2010, i have found Regarding RenderScript. Basically, It is said to be a C-like language for high performance graphics programming, which helps you easily write efficient Visual effects and animations in your Android Applications. Its not released yet as it isn't finished.

回答2:

Scala is supported. See example.

Support for other languages is problematic:

7) Something like the dx tool can be forced into the phone, so that Java code could in principle continue to generate bytecodes, yet have them be translated into a VM-runnable form. But, at present, Java code cannot be generated on the fly. This means Dalvik cannot run dynamic languages (JRuby, Jython, Groovy). Yet. (Perhaps the dex format needs a detuned variant which can be easily generated from bytecodes.)

回答3:

As stated above, many languages are available for developing in Android. Java, C, Scala, C++, several scripting languages etc. Thanks to Mono you are also able to develop using C# and the .Net framework. Here you have some speedcomparisions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=It8xPqkKxis

回答4:

See: http://developer.android.com/sdk/ndk/index.html#overview

回答5:

Clojure can be used, but it's slow.

See also: Clojure fork for Android, and a tutorial.

回答6:

I made good experiences with Scala.

I use the simple build tool (sbt: http://code.google.com/p/simple-build-tool/) with the Android-Plugin (http://github.com/jberkel/android-plugin)

回答7:

Java and C:

• C used for low level functionalities and device connectivities
• Java used for Framework and Application Level

You may find more information in Android developers site.