Import * include submodules

问题:

I have a directory structure that looks like this:

scripts/
    __init__.py
    filepaths.py
    Run.py
    domains/
        __init__.py
        topspin.py
        tiles.py
        hanoi.py
        grid.py

I would like to say:

from scripts import *

and get the stuff that is in filepaths.py but also get the things that are in hanoi.py

The outer __init__.py contains:

__all__ = ['filepaths','Run','domains','hanoi']

I can't figure out how to get the inner files to be included in that list. Putting hanoi by itself gets this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'hanoi'

Putting domains.hanoi gets this error message:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'domains.hanoi'

The last reasonable guess I could come up with is putting scripts.domains.hanoi which gets this error message:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'scripts.domains.hanoi'

How do you get the all list to include things that are in subdirectories?

回答1:

In scripts/__init__.py, before the __all__ add the following

from domains import topspin, tiles, hanoi, grid

This will add those modules to the namespace, and you will be able to import them with

from scripts import *

Note

As a soapbox, it is preferred to do things like

from scripts import topspin, tiles, hanoi, grid, filepaths, Run

over

from scripts import *

because 6 months from now, you might look at hanoi on the 400th line of code and wonder where it came from if you use the * import style. By explicitly showing what is imported from scripts it serves as a reminder where things come from. I'm sure that anyone trying to read your code in the future will thank you.

回答2:

Import them first, in the __init__ files.

In scripts/__init__.py, import at least domains, and in scripts/domains/__init__.py import hanoi, etc. Or import domains.hanoi directly in scripts/__init__.py.

Without importing these, the scripts/__init__.py module has no reference to the nestend packages.