Warning: PDOStatement::execute(): SQLSTATE[HY093]:

$fields is an array that after printing gets values like:

Array ( [first_name] => Nisse [last_name] => Example [ssn] => 198306205053 [address] =>           Stockholm, Sverige [phone_number] => 54654987321546 [latitude] => 55.717089999999999 [longitude] => 13.235379 )

I call the update function from my dataclass like so:

DataManager::update_user($fields, $user_data['id'];

But I get the error:

Warning: PDOStatement::execute(): SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: parameter was not defined in...filetext

I have checked several other similar threads but I guess I´m missing some basic concept here because I still can´t find the answer. There are 7 ?'s and 7 items in my array as far as I can see, and if I define all the values I can run it perfectly in SQL workbench, i.e.:

UPDATE users SET first_name = 'Kalle', last_name = 'Anka', ssn = 242345234, address = 'Stockholm', phone_number = 53423434, latitude = 17.189889231223423423424324234, longitude = 109.234234 WHERE id = 4

I have tried the PDO prepared statement both with the $user_id set to a specific value and also without the latitude/longitude parameters.

If I have forgotten any critical information just point it out and I will get it. address is varchar and lat/long are floats in the DB btw. Using MYSQL.

The function below:

public static function update_user($fields, $user_id)
{
    $db = self::_connect();

    $st = $db->prepare("UPDATE users SET first_name = ?, last_name = ?, ssn = ?, address = ?, phone_number = ?, latitude = ?, longitude = ? WHERE id = '{$user_id}'");
    $st->execute($fields);

    return ($st->rowCount()) ? true : false;
}

If you use positional parameters, the array of parameters you pass to execute() must be an ordinal array. Likewise, if you use named parameters, the array must be an associative array.

Here's a test to confirm the behavior:

$stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT ?, ? ,?");

$params = array( 'a', 'b', 'c' );
// OK
if ($stmt->execute($params)) {
  print_r($stmt->fetchAll());
}

$params = array( 'A'=>'abc', 'B'=>'def', 'C'=>'ghi' );
// ERROR!
if ($stmt->execute($params)) {
  print_r($stmt->fetchAll());
}

$stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT :A, :B, :C");

$params = array( 'a', 'b', 'c' );
// ERROR!
if ($stmt->execute($params)) {
  print_r($stmt->fetchAll());
}

$params = array( 'A'=>'abc', 'B'=>'def', 'C'=>'ghi' );
// OK
if ($stmt->execute($params)) {
  print_r($stmt->fetchAll());
}

Note that in current versions of PHP, the associative array keys don't have to be prefixed with : as @prodigitalson comments. The : prefix used to be required in array keys in older versions of PHP.

It's also worth mentioning that I've encountered bugs and unpredictable behavior when I tried to mix positional parameters and named parameters in a single query. You can use either style in different queries in your app, but chose one style or another for a given query.