C# IComparer standard usage question

问题:

I have a question with whether or not this is a standard for using IComparer in C#. Say I have a situation in which there are three Person objects: P1, P2, and P3. Say I call the Compare method passing in P1 and P2 and the result is 0. This essentially means the two people should be categorized as equal. Now say I call the Compare method passing in P2 and P3 and the result for that is 0 as well. Again, this means the two people are equal. Logically speaking, one can assume P1 and P3 are equal as well; however, the Compare method could be implemented however someone decides to implement it. So is it a standard to implement it in such a way that P1 and P3 would also return 0 in this case?

Here's code of what I'm asking:

// Assume these are initialized properly
Person p1 = null, p2 = null, p3 = null;
IComparer<Person> comparer = null;

// Compare person 1 to person 2 and result is 0
Debug.Assert(comparer.Compare(p1, p2) == 0);

// Compare person 2 to person 3 and result is 0
Debug.Assert(comparer.Compare(p2, p3) == 0);

// Would this be a fair assumption that person 1 and person 3 would also be 0?
Debug.Assert(comparer.Compare(p1, p3) == 0);

回答1:

Yes, that would be the standard. Its explicitly stated for IComparable:

If A.CompareTo(B) returns zero and B.CompareTo(C) returns zero, then A.CompareTo(C) is required to return zero.

I can't find anything in the official documentation that comes right out and states the same thing for ICompare but I think its safe to assume the same holds true.

回答2:

It has nothing to do with C#, it's a simple mathematical rule: Transitivity: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive_relation

So, yes in short.

--- Added information due to comment ---

If you go and read the documentation about IComparer: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.collections.icomparer.compare.aspx

you'll see that:

Compares two objects and returns a value indicating whether one is less than, 
equal to, or greater than the other.

In other word, that means that when comparing object "a" and "b", you should always get the same result when calling multiple time the method Compare. If it's not the case, it means that you will get undefined behavior and it will be impossible to rely on that function for doing any sorting or comparison.

So, when you implement this method properly, the Transitivity rule apply and you can say without any doubt that a == c.

I hope that clarify your questioning about the implementation problem.

回答3:

It is part of the interface contract that if a == b and b == c that a == c (transitive property of equality). This is not enforced anywhere in code, but it is required for it to function correctly.

回答4:

Equality is transitive, so yes you should assume that, and develop your IComparer with that in mind.

Transitivity