如何申报在bash二维数组如何申报在bash二维数组(How to declare 2D array

2019-05-08 15:59发布

我想知道如何在bash声明一个二维数组,然后初始化为0。

在C语言中,它看起来是这样的:

int a[4][5] = {0};

我如何分配一个值的元素? 如C:

a[2][3] = 3;

Answer 1:

你可以模仿他们,例如与哈希值,但需要对前导零和许多其他的事情照顾。 接下来的示范工程,但它远非最佳解决方案。

#!/bin/bash
declare -A matrix
num_rows=4
num_columns=5

for ((i=1;i<=num_rows;i++)) do
    for ((j=1;j<=num_columns;j++)) do
        matrix[$i,$j]=$RANDOM
    done
done

f1="%$((${#num_rows}+1))s"
f2=" %9s"

printf "$f1" ''
for ((i=1;i<=num_rows;i++)) do
    printf "$f2" $i
done
echo

for ((j=1;j<=num_columns;j++)) do
    printf "$f1" $j
    for ((i=1;i<=num_rows;i++)) do
        printf "$f2" ${matrix[$i,$j]}
    done
    echo
done

上面的例子中创建与它转置的随机数和打印一个4x5矩阵,与所述实施例结果

           1         2         3         4
 1     18006     31193     16110     23297
 2     26229     19869      1140     19837
 3      8192      2181     25512      2318
 4      3269     25516     18701      7977
 5     31775     17358      4468     30345

其原理是:创建一个关联数组,其中索引是像一个串3,4 。 好处:

  • 它可以使用任何维数组;)像: 30,40,2 3维的。
  • 语法是接近“C”状阵列${matrix[2,3]}


Answer 2:

击不支持多维数组。

您可以通过使用间接扩张虽然模拟它:

#!/bin/bash
declare -a a0=(1 2 3 4)
declare -a a1=(5 6 7 8)
var="a1[1]"
echo ${!var}  # outputs 6

作业也可以用这种方法:

let $var=55
echo ${a1[1]}  # outputs 55

编辑1:从文件中读取这样的阵列,其中在一条线上的每一行,并且由值空格分隔,使用:

idx=0
while read -a a$idx; do
    let idx++;
done </tmp/some_file

编辑2:声明初始化a0..a3[0..4]0 ,你可以运行:

for i in {0..3}; do
    eval "declare -a a$i=( $(for j in {0..4}; do echo 0; done) )"
done


Answer 3:

击不具有多维数组。 但是,你可以模拟与关联数组有点类似的效果。 以下是关联数组故作用作多维阵列的例子:

declare -A arr
arr[0,0]=0
arr[0,1]=1
arr[1,0]=2
arr[1,1]=3
echo "${arr[0,0]} ${arr[0,1]}" # will print 0 1

如果你不声明数组作为关联(与-A ),上面将无法工作。 例如,如果省略declare -A arr线,所述echo将打印2 3代替0 1 ,因为0,01,0和这样将作为算术表达式和评估,以0 (该值向右逗号操作符的)。



Answer 4:

您也可以在一个更聪明的方式处理这个

q=()
q+=( 1-2 )
q+=( a-b )

for set in ${q[@]};
do
echo ${set%%-*}
echo ${set##*-}
done

当然还有一个22线的解决方案或间接可能是更好的方式去,为什么不洒EVAL每一个地方来。



Answer 5:

以模拟在bash阵列A的方式(它可以适用于任何数量的阵列的维):

#!/bin/bash

## The following functions implement vectors (arrays) operations in bash:
## Definition of a vector <v>:
##      v_0 - variable that stores the number of elements of the vector
##      v_1..v_n, where n=v_0 - variables that store the values of the vector elements

VectorAddElementNext () {
# Vector Add Element Next
# Adds the string contained in variable $2 in the next element position (vector length + 1) in vector $1

    local elem_value
    local vector_length
    local elem_name

    eval elem_value=\"\$$2\"
    eval vector_length=\$$1\_0
    if [ -z "$vector_length" ]; then
        vector_length=$((0))
    fi

    vector_length=$(( vector_length + 1 ))
    elem_name=$1_$vector_length

    eval $elem_name=\"\$elem_value\"
    eval $1_0=$vector_length
}

VectorAddElementDVNext () {
# Vector Add Element Direct Value Next
# Adds the string $2 in the next element position (vector length + 1) in vector $1

    local elem_value
    local vector_length
    local elem_name

    eval elem_value="$2"
    eval vector_length=\$$1\_0
    if [ -z "$vector_length" ]; then
        vector_length=$((0))
    fi

    vector_length=$(( vector_length + 1 ))
    elem_name=$1_$vector_length

    eval $elem_name=\"\$elem_value\"
    eval $1_0=$vector_length
}

VectorAddElement () {
# Vector Add Element
# Adds the string contained in the variable $3 in the position contained in $2 (variable or direct value) in the vector $1

    local elem_value
    local elem_position
    local vector_length
    local elem_name

    eval elem_value=\"\$$3\"
    elem_position=$(($2))
    eval vector_length=\$$1\_0
    if [ -z "$vector_length" ]; then
        vector_length=$((0))
    fi

    if [ $elem_position -ge $vector_length ]; then
        vector_length=$elem_position
    fi

    elem_name=$1_$elem_position

    eval $elem_name=\"\$elem_value\"
    if [ ! $elem_position -eq 0 ]; then
        eval $1_0=$vector_length
    fi
}

VectorAddElementDV () {
# Vector Add Element
# Adds the string $3 in the position $2 (variable or direct value) in the vector $1

    local elem_value
    local elem_position
    local vector_length
    local elem_name

    eval elem_value="$3"
    elem_position=$(($2))
    eval vector_length=\$$1\_0
    if [ -z "$vector_length" ]; then
        vector_length=$((0))
    fi

    if [ $elem_position -ge $vector_length ]; then
        vector_length=$elem_position
    fi

    elem_name=$1_$elem_position

    eval $elem_name=\"\$elem_value\"
    if [ ! $elem_position -eq 0 ]; then
        eval $1_0=$vector_length
    fi
}

VectorPrint () {
# Vector Print
# Prints all the elements names and values of the vector $1 on sepparate lines

    local vector_length

    vector_length=$(($1_0))
    if [ "$vector_length" = "0" ]; then
        echo "Vector \"$1\" is empty!"
    else
        echo "Vector \"$1\":"
        for ((i=1; i<=$vector_length; i++)); do
            eval echo \"[$i]: \\\"\$$1\_$i\\\"\"
            ###OR: eval printf \'\%s\\\n\' \"[\$i]: \\\"\$$1\_$i\\\"\"
        done
    fi
}

VectorDestroy () {
# Vector Destroy
# Empties all the elements values of the vector $1

    local vector_length

    vector_length=$(($1_0))
    if [ ! "$vector_length" = "0" ]; then
        for ((i=1; i<=$vector_length; i++)); do
            unset $1_$i
        done
        unset $1_0
    fi
}

##################
### MAIN START ###
##################

## Setting vector 'params' with all the parameters received by the script:
for ((i=1; i<=$#; i++)); do
    eval param="\${$i}"
    VectorAddElementNext params param
done

# Printing the vector 'params':
VectorPrint params

read temp

## Setting vector 'params2' with the elements of the vector 'params' in reversed order:
if [ -n "$params_0" ]; then
    for ((i=1; i<=$params_0; i++)); do
        count=$((params_0-i+1))
        VectorAddElement params2 count params_$i
    done
fi

# Printing the vector 'params2':
VectorPrint params2

read temp

## Getting the values of 'params2'`s elements and printing them:
if [ -n "$params2_0" ]; then
    echo "Printing the elements of the vector 'params2':"
    for ((i=1; i<=$params2_0; i++)); do
        eval current_elem_value=\"\$params2\_$i\"
        echo "params2_$i=\"$current_elem_value\""
    done
else
    echo "Vector 'params2' is empty!"
fi

read temp

## Creating a two dimensional array ('a'):
for ((i=1; i<=10; i++)); do
    VectorAddElement a 0 i
    for ((j=1; j<=8; j++)); do
        value=$(( 8 * ( i - 1 ) + j ))
        VectorAddElementDV a_$i $j $value
    done
done

## Manually printing the two dimensional array ('a'):
echo "Printing the two-dimensional array 'a':"
if [ -n "$a_0" ]; then
    for ((i=1; i<=$a_0; i++)); do
        eval current_vector_lenght=\$a\_$i\_0
        if [ -n "$current_vector_lenght" ]; then
            for ((j=1; j<=$current_vector_lenght; j++)); do
                eval value=\"\$a\_$i\_$j\"
                printf "$value "
            done
        fi
        printf "\n"
    done
fi

################
### MAIN END ###
################


Answer 6:

另一种方法是可以代表每一行作为一个字符串,即,2D阵列映射成一维数组。 然后,所有你需要做的是解包和重新包装行的字符串,只要你做了编辑:

# Init a 4x5 matrix
a=("0 0 0 0 0" "0 0 0 0 0" "0 0 0 0 0" "0 0 0 0 0")

function aset {
    IFS=' ' read -r -a tmp <<< "${a[$1]}"
    tmp[$2]=$3
    a[$1]="${tmp[@]}"
}

# Set a[2][3] = 3
aset 2 3 3

# Show result
for r in "${a[@]}"; do
  echo $r
done

输出:

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 0
0 0 0 0 0


Answer 7:

如果矩阵中的每一行具有相同的尺寸,那么就可以简单地使用一个线性阵列和乘法。

那是,

a=()
for (( i=0; i<4; ++i )); do
  for (( j=0; j<5; ++j )); do
     a[i*5+j]=0
  done
done

然后,你的a[2][3] = 3变得

a[2*5+3] = 3

这种方法可能是值得变成了一组函数,但是因为你不能传递数组或从函数返回数组,你必须使用通过按姓名,有时eval 。 所以我倾向于文件下的“bash的东西根本就不是为了做”多维数组。



Answer 8:

人们可以简单地定义两个函数写($ 4被分配的值),并读取任意名称($ 1)和利用EVAL和间接参考索引($ 2和$ 3)的矩阵。

#!/bin/bash

matrix_write () {
 eval $1"_"$2"_"$3=$4
 # aux=$1"_"$2"_"$3          # Alternative way
 # let $aux=$4               # ---
}

matrix_read () {
 aux=$1"_"$2"_"$3
 echo ${!aux}
}

for ((i=1;i<10;i=i+1)); do
 for ((j=1;j<10;j=j+1)); do 
  matrix_write a $i $j $[$i*10+$j]
 done
done

for ((i=1;i<10;i=i+1)); do
 for ((j=1;j<10;j=j+1)); do 
  echo "a_"$i"_"$j"="$(matrix_read a $i $j)
 done
done


Answer 9:

用于模拟的2维阵列,我首先加载第一n元件(第一列的元素)

local pano_array=()  

i=0

for line in $(grep  "filename" "$file")
do 
  url=$(extract_url_from_xml $line)
  pano_array[i]="$url"
  i=$((i+1))
done

要添加的第二列,我定义的第一列的大小,并在偏移变量计算的值

array_len="${#pano_array[@]}"

i=0

while [[ $i -lt $array_len ]]
do
  url="${pano_array[$i]}"
  offset=$(($array_len+i)) 
  found_file=$(get_file $url)
  pano_array[$offset]=$found_file

  i=$((i+1))
done


文章来源: How to declare 2D array in bash
标签: linux bash shell