Is there a call_user_func() equivalent to create a

问题:

How can I create a class with a given array of arguments to be sent to the constructor? Something along the lines of:

class a {
    var $args = false;
    function a() {$this->args = func_get_args();}
}

$a = call_user_func_array('new a',array(1,2,3));
print_r($a->args);

Ideally this needs to work, without modification to the class, in both PHP4 and PHP5. Any ideas?

回答1:

ReflectionClass:newInstance() (or newInstanceArgs()) let's you do that.

e.g.

class Foo {
  public function __construct() {  
    $p = func_get_args();
    echo 'Foo::__construct(', join(',', $p), ') invoked';
  }
}

$rc = new ReflectionClass('Foo');
$foo = $rc->newInstanceArgs( array(1,2,3,4,5) );

edit: without ReflectionClass and probably php4 compatible (sorry, no php4 at hand right now)

class Foo {
  public function __construct() {  
    $p = func_get_args();
    echo 'Foo::__construct(', join(',', $p), ') invoked';
  }
}

$class = 'Foo';
$rc = new $class(1,2,3,4);

speed comparison: Since the speed of reflection has been mentioned here's a little (synthetic) test

define('ITERATIONS', 100000);

class Foo {
  protected $something;
  public function __construct() {
    $p = func_get_args();
    $this->something = 'Foo::__construct('.join(',', $p).')';
  }
}

$rcStatic=new ReflectionClass('Foo'); 
$fns = array(
  'direct new'=>function() { $obj = new Foo(1,2,3,4); },
  'indirect new'=>function() { $class='Foo'; $obj = new $class(1,2,3,4); }, 
  'reflection'=>function() { $rc=new ReflectionClass('Foo'); $obj = $rc->newInstanceArgs( array(1,2,3,4) ); },
  'reflection cached'=>function() use ($rcStatic) { $obj = $rcStatic->newInstanceArgs( array(1,2,3,4) ); },
);


sleep(1);
foreach($fns as $name=>$f) {
  $start = microtime(true);
  for($i=0; $i<ITERATIONS; $i++) {
    $f();
  }
  $end = microtime(true);
  echo $name, ': ', $end-$start, "\n";
  sleep(1);
}

which prints on my (not so fast) notebook

direct new: 0.71329689025879
indirect new: 0.75944685935974
reflection: 1.3510940074921
reflection cached: 1.0181720256805

Isn't that bad, is it?

回答2:

Have a look at the Factory Method pattern and check out this example

From Wikipedia:

The factory method pattern is an object-oriented design pattern. Like other creational patterns, it deals with the problem of creating objects (products) without specifying the exact class of object that will be created.

If you don't want to use a dedicated Factory for this, you could still wrap Volker's code into a function, e.g.

/**
 * Creates a new object instance
 *
 * This method creates a new object instance from from the passed $className
 * and $arguments. The second param $arguments is optional.
 *
 * @param  String $className class to instantiate
 * @param  Array  $arguments arguments required by $className's constructor
 * @return Mixed  instance of $className
 */
function createInstance($className, array $arguments = array())
{
    if(class_exists($className)) {
        return call_user_func_array(array(
            new ReflectionClass($className), 'newInstance'), 
            $arguments);
    }
    return false;
}