How to combine case statement patterns [duplicate]

问题:

This question already has an answer here:

• Haskell syntax for 'or' in case expressions 5 answers

I'm trying to match on many different constructors in a case statement. For simplicity, assume in half the cases we do the same thing, and in the other half we do something else. Even if I factor out the logic to another function, I still have to write:

case x of
  C1 -> foo x
  C2 -> foo x
  ...
  C10 -> bar x
  C11 -> bar x
  ...

Is there some way to make case statements behave more like switch statements in C (i.e. with fallthrough), or so that I can match on one of many patterns at once, like:

case x of
  C1, C2, C3 -> foo x
  C10, C11, C12 -> bar x

Or perhaps another way to clean this up?

回答1:

These are called disjunctive patterns, and Haskell does not have them. (OCaml and F# do.) There are a few typical workarounds, however. If your type is an enumeration, you can use equality, with for example elem:

case cond of
  c
    | c `elem` [C1, C2, C3] -> foo
    | c `elem` [C10, C11, C12] -> bar
    | otherwise -> baz

And of course, if foo or bar are long expressions, thanks to laziness you can simply factor them into local definitions, so you only have to repeat the name and any pattern variables you need as arguments:

case cond of
  C1 x -> foo x
  C2 y -> foo y
  ...
  C10 -> bar
  C11 -> bar
  ...
where
foo x = something long (involving x, presumably)
bar = if you please then something else quite long