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问题:

I am having some troubles setting up cross compiling with CMAKE. The toolchain I am using is created in yocto which works perfectly outside of cmake.

I have followed a tutorial to setup the following toolchain file:

SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)

# specify the cross compiler
SET(tools /opt/poky/1.7.1/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr)
SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER ${tools}/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc)
SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ${tools}/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc)

# set sysroot
SET(CMAKE_SYSROOT /home/sifu/test-yocto/qemuarmdfs)
#SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH /home/sifu/test-yocto/qemuarm)

# search for programs in the build host directories
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
# for libraries and headers in the target directories
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)

And get the following error when running cmake

The C compiler
"/opt/poky/1.7.1/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc"
is not able to compile a simple test program.

It fails with the following output:

Change Dir: /home/sifu/Projects/mv/doublepump-single-pump-sw.ss016m21_swapp/cc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp

Run Build Command:/usr/bin/make "cmTryCompileExec4012536451/fast"

/usr/bin/make -f CMakeFiles/cmTryCompileExec4012536451.dir/build.make
CMakeFiles/cmTryCompileExec4012536451.dir/build

make[1]: Entering directory
`/home/sifu/Projects/mv/doublepump-single-pump-sw.ss016m21_swapp/cc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'

/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report
/home/sifu/Projects/mv/doublepump-single-pump-sw.ss016m21_swapp/cc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CMakeFiles
1

Building C object
CMakeFiles/cmTryCompileExec4012536451.dir/testCCompiler.c.o


/opt/poky/1.7.1/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc
-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -o
CMakeFiles/cmTryCompileExec4012536451.dir/testCCompiler.c.o -c
/home/sifu/Projects/mv/doublepump-single-pump-sw.ss016m21_swapp/cc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/testCCompiler.c

Linking C executable cmTryCompileExec4012536451

/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script
CMakeFiles/cmTryCompileExec4012536451.dir/link.txt --verbose=1

/opt/poky/1.7.1/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc
-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types -Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu
-Wl,--as-needed CMakeFiles/cmTryCompileExec4012536451.dir/testCCompiler.c.o
-o cmTryCompileExec4012536451 -rdynamic

... (A lot of ld errors similar to the one below)

/opt/poky/1.7.1/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/libexec/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/gcc/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/4.9.1/ld:
cannot find crtn.o: No such file or directory

collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

make[1]: Leaving directory
`/home/sifu/Projects/mv/doublepump-single-pump-sw.ss016m21_swapp/cc/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'

If I manually run the gcc command described in the log above with --sysroot=/home/sifu/test-yocto/qemuarmdfs it works for me. Why isn't cmake using the sysroot flag when the path to sysroot is added in the toolchain file.

回答1:

I have two solutions of this problem:

I use the following code in the toolchain file:

# compiler
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /path/to/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /path/to/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-g++)
# sysroot location
set(MYSYSROOT /path/to/sysroots/cortexa7-vfp-neon-telechips-linux-gnueabi)
# compiler/linker flags
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} --sysroot=${MYSYSROOT}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
set(CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS} --sysroot=${MYSYSROOT}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} --sysroot=${MYSYSROOT}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS} --sysroot=${MYSYSROOT}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
# cmake built-in settings to use find_xxx() functions
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH "${MYSYSROOT}")
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)

Second solution is to use CMakeForceCompiler package in the toolchain file. It looks differently but I have the same result:

# compiler
include(CMakeForceCompiler)
cmake_force_c_compiler(/path/to/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc GNU)
cmake_force_cxx_compiler(/path/to/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-g++ GNU)
# sysroot location
set(MYSYSROOT /path/to/sysroots/cortexa7-vfp-neon-telechips-linux-gnueabi)
# compiler/linker flags
add_definitions("--sysroot=${MYSYSROOT}")
set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} --sysroot=${MYSYSROOT}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} --sysroot=${MYSYSROOT}" CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
# cmake built-in settings to use find_xxx() functions
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH ${MYSYSROOT})
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)

BTW, I can't use CMAKE_SYSROOT variable, since it available since CMake v3.0 only.

回答2:

I just hit this myself. The problem is that CMake only passes CMAKE_SYSROOT to compilers which specify what theor command-line flag for receiving a sysroot is, and during the first probing in CMakeDetermineCompilerId doesn't yet know what compiler it's calling. Once it detects that it's GNU, Modules/Compiler/GNU.cmake will do

#!cmake
set(CMAKE_${lang}_COMPILE_OPTIONS_SYSROOT "--sysroot=")

After this is set, CMake will start passing "--sysroot=${CMAKE_SYSROOT}"

This is why running multiple times; despite the fact that the "check for working C compiler" failed the first time through, CMake still detected that the failing compiler was a flavor of GNU and cached that. So on the second attempt, it loads GNU.cmake, does pass --sysroot, and things work (then it has the same failure, but for CXX). On the third try CXX works too, and things actually pass.

You can fix this in a couple of ways, but I'm not sure what's really best

Skip linking, so that CMake doesn't actually need the sysroot to succeed, using CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE

if((NOT CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID) OR (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID)) set(CMAKE_TRY_COMPILE_TARGET_TYPE STATIC_LIBRARY) endif()
Force the compiler ID detection early, so it will already know to load GNU.cmake (seemingly has to go in the cache to work within try_compile, not sure why)

set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID GNU CACHE STRING "") set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID GNU CACHE STRING "")
Tell CMake about --sysroot, even before it knows it's GNU

set(CMAKE_C_COMPILE_OPTIONS_SYSROOT "--sysroot=") set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS_SYSROOT "--sysroot=")

I'm not sure which is the best workaround, and I think the whole thing is arguable a CMake bug since it did detect the compiler id fine (using -c, and thus not needing to link), it just didn't reload GNU.cmake based on the results of CMAKE_DETERMINE_COMPILER_ID before checking whether the compiler works.