gVim find/replace with counter

问题:

Is there a way to insert the value from some sort of counter variable in gVim search/replace?

e.g. convert this document:

<SomeElement Id="F" ... />
<SomeElement Id="F" ... />
<SomeElement Id="F" ... />

to this resulting document:

<SomeElement Id="1" ... />
<SomeElement Id="2" ... />
<SomeElement Id="3" ... />

I imagine the command would look something like:

:%s/^\(\s*<SomeElement Id="\)F\(".*\)$/\1<insert-counter-here>\2/g

I am using a very recent Windows build, from their provided installer. I strongly prefer not to install any additional tools.

Also, I'd ideally like to avoid having to install scripts to support this, but I'm willing to if it is the only way to do it.

回答1:

Vim wiki instructions seems to be the easiest solution (at least for me).

Example below replaces all occurences of PATTERN with REPLACE_[counter] (REPLACE_1, REPLACE_2 etc.):

:let i=1 | g/PATTERN/s//\='REPLACE_'.i/ | let i=i+1

To answer the question it might look like this:

:let i=1 | g/SomeElement Id="F"/s//\='SomeElement Id="'.i.'"'/ | let i=i+1

回答2:

It is possible to have an increasable counter using substitute with an expression feature (see :help sub-replace-\=). Since the \= construct allows only expressions, the :let command is forbidden to use, and therefore a variable could not be set the usual way. However, there is a simple trick to change the value of a variable in expression if that variable is a list or a dictionary. In that case, its contents could be modified by the map() function. In such a manner, substitution for the case described in the question would look as follows.¹

:let n=[0] | %s/Id="F"/\='Id="'.map(n,'v:val+1')[0].'"'/g

Or better,²

:let n=[0] | %s/Id="\zsF\ze"/\=map(n,'v:val+1')/g

This short one-liner completely solves the issue.

For frequent replacements such as the above one, one can define an auxiliary function

function! Inc(x)
    let a:x[0] += 1
    return a:x[0]
endfunction

and make substitution commands even shorter,

:%s/Id="\zsF\ze"/\=Inc(n)/g

---

¹ The tricky part here is in the substitute part of the replacement. Since it starts with \= the rest of it is interpreted as an expression by Vim. Thus, 'Id="'.map(n, 'v:val+1').'"' is an ordinary expression. Here a string literal 'Id="' is concatenated (using the . operator) with return value of the function call map(n, 'v:val+1'), and with another string, '"'. Function map expects two arguments: a list (as in this case) or a dictionary, and a string containing expression that should be evaluated for each of the items in the given list or dictionary. Special variable v:val denotes an individual list item. So the 'v:val+1' string will be evaluated to a list item increased by one.

² The \zs and \ze pattern atoms are used to set the start and the end of the pattern to replace, respectively (see :help /\zs and :help /\ze). That way the whole search part of the substitute command is matched, but only the part between \zs and \ze is replaced. This avoids clumsy concatenations in the substitute expression.

回答3:

Hmm this it little tricky one. Here is what I got so far. Try these 2 map command in a vim session:

:nmap %% :let X=1<cr>1G!!
:nmap !! /^\s*<SomeElement Id="F"<cr>:s/F"/\=X.'"'/<cr>:let X=X+1<cr>!!

Once that is there press %% to start the fun part :)

It makes your given file as:

<SomeElement Id="1" ... />
<SomeElement Id="2" ... />
<SomeElement Id="3" ... />
<SomeElement Id="4" ... />

Explanation:

First nmap command is mapping following sequences to keystrokes %%:

• initializing variable X to 1
• moving to start of first file
• calling another mapped keystroke !!

Second nmap command is mapping following sequences to keystrokes !!:

• Search for next occurrence of pattern ^\s*<SomeElement Id="F"
• If above pattern is found then search and replace F" by variable X and a quote "
• increment the vim variable X by 1
• Recursively call itself by making a call to !!
• Single dot . is used for concatenation of strings in vim, very similar to php

This recursive calls stop when pattern ^\s*<SomeElement Id="F" is not found anymore in the file.

回答4:

Very simple solution. I've had to do this several times.

:let i=1 | g/^\(\s*<SomeElement Id="\)F\(".*\)$/s//\=submatch(1).i.submatch(2)/ | let i=i+1

Based off of the following tip. http://gdwarner.blogspot.com/2009/01/vim-search-and-replace-with-increment.html

回答5:

Put this in your vimrc or execute it in your current session:

function! Inc(x) 
  let a:x[0] += 1 
  return a:x[0] 
endfunction

function IncReplace(pos, behind, ahead, rep) 
  let poss=a:pos-1 
  let n=[poss] 
  execute '%s/' . a:behind . '\zs' . a:rep . '\ze' . a:ahead . '/\=Inc(n)/g' 
endfunction

Then execute :call IncReplace(1, 'Id="', '"', 'F')

The first argument is the number you want to start from, the second is what you want to match behind the number, the third is what you want to match ahead of the number and the fourth is what you actually want to replace.

回答6:

Maybe plugin increment.vim will help