问题:

I remember that when using Boost.Spirit and for the std::function addition to C++0x, you specify the function type by using a syntax that doesn't use pointers, like in defining std::function<bool(int)> fn, whereas you would cast a pointer like (bool(*)(int))fn.

Can anyone tell me the name of this new syntax or any references on this, or how to use it? It seems like a polymorphic function type syntax that applies for functors as well, but I don't really know how to use it.

回答1:

bool(int) is the type of the function; bool(*)(int) is the type of the function pointer. In other words, if you define

typedef bool(BF)(int);
typedef bool(pBF*)(int);

then BF* is the same as pBF.

The std::function template captures the return and argument types via (variadic) templates:

template <typename R, typename ...Args> struct function
{
  function(R(&f)(Args...)); // conceptually
}

回答2:

It is not new sintax, although old compilers did sometimes reject it. It is simply the type of a function versus the type of a function pointer, similar to the type of an arrays versus the pointer to an array.

The facts that there are no function l-values and that function r-values decay quickly to pointer-to-functions make them mostly useless. Except in the case of templates, of course.