Encode Decode of strings python

问题:

I have a list of html pages which may contain certain encoded characters. Some examples are as below -

<a href="mailto:lad%20at%20maestro%20dot%20com">
<em>ada&#x40;graphics.maestro.com</em>
<em>mel&#x40;graphics.maestro.com</em>

I would like to decode (escape, I'm unsure of the current terminology) these strings to -

 <a href="mailto:lad at maestro dot com">
<em>[e-mail]</em>
<em>[e-mail]</em>

Note, the HTML pages are in a string format. Also, I DO NOT want to use any external library like a BeautifulSoup or lxml, only native python libraries are ok.

Edit -

The below solution isn't perfect. HTML Parser unescaping with urllib2 throws a

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0x94 in position 31: ordinal not in range(128)

error in some cases.

回答1:

You need to unescape HTML entities, and URL-unquote.
The standard library has HTMLParser and urllib2 to help with those tasks.

import HTMLParser, urllib2

markup = '''<a href="mailto:lad%20at%20maestro%20dot%20com">
<em>ada&#x40;graphics.maestro.com</em>
<em>mel&#x40;graphics.maestro.com</em>'''

result = HTMLParser.HTMLParser().unescape(urllib2.unquote(markup))
for line in result.split("\n"): 
    print(line)

Result:

<a href="mailto:lad at maestro dot com">
<em>[e-mail]</em>
<em>[e-mail]</em>

---

Edit:
If your pages can contain non-ASCII characters, you'll need to take care to decode on input and encode on output.
The sample file you uploaded has charset set to cp-1252, so let's try decoding from that to Unicode:

import codecs 
with codecs.open(filename, encoding="cp1252") as fin:
    decoded = fin.read()
result = HTMLParser.HTMLParser().unescape(urllib2.unquote(decoded))
with codecs.open('/output/file.html', 'w', encoding='cp1252') as fou:
    fou.write(result)

---

Edit2:
If you don't care about the non-ASCII characters you can simplify a bit:

with open(filename) as fin:
    decoded = fin.read().decode('ascii','ignore')
...