writing back into the same file after reading from

问题:

My aim is to read line from the file , strip the blank spaces at the end of it and write back into the same file. I have tried the following code:

with open(filename, 'r+') as f:
    for i in f:
        f.write(i.rstrip()+"\n")

This seems to write at the end of the file, keeping initial data in the file intact . I know that using f.seek(0) would take the pointer back to start of the file , which I am assuming would be somehow required for this solution.

Can you please advise if there is different approach for this or am I on the right patch just need to add more logic into the code?

回答1:

Use a temporary file. Python provides facilities for creating temporary files in a secure manner. Call example below with: python modify.py target_filename

 import tempfile
 import sys

 def modify_file(filename):

      #Create temporary file read/write
      t = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="r+")

      #Open input file read-only
      i = open(filename, 'r')

      #Copy input file to temporary file, modifying as we go
      for line in i:
           t.write(line.rstrip()+"\n")

      i.close() #Close input file

      t.seek(0) #Rewind temporary file to beginning

      o = open(filename, "w")  #Reopen input file writable

      #Overwriting original file with temporary file contents          
      for line in t:
           o.write(line)  

      t.close() #Close temporary file, will cause it to be deleted

 if __name__ == "__main__":
      modify_file(sys.argv[1])

References here: http://docs.python.org/2/library/tempfile.html

回答2:

The problem with your approach is that you need both an input stream and an output stream, which can point at different places in the same file. If you want to use f.seek() then you will need to store the position using f.tell() after each read and write. For example:

f = open(filename, 'r+')
while True:
    i = f.readline()
    if i == '': break
    in = f.tell()
    f.seek(out)
    f.write(i.rstrip()+"\n")
    out = f.tell()
    f.seek(in)

But that's confusing and prone to errors. If the file isn't too big, why not read it all into memory and then write it back out again?

in = open(filename, 'r')
lines = in.read()
in.close()
out = open(filename, 'w')
out.write([line.rstrip()+'\n' for line in lines.split('\n')])
out.close()

If the file is too large to fit into memory, then write the lines to a temporary file and then rename the file when you are done:

out = open(filename+'.tmp', 'w')
with open(filename, 'r') as f:
    for i in f:
        out.write(i.rstrip()+"\n")
out.close()
os.rename(filename+'.tmp', filename)