Python Ternary Operator Without else

问题:

Is it possible to do this on one line in Python?

if <condition>:
    myList.append('myString')

I have tried the ternary operator:

myList.append('myString' if <condition>)

but my IDE (MyEclipse) didn't like it, without an else.

回答1:

Yes, you can do this:

<condition> and myList.append('myString')

If <condition> is false, then short-circuiting will kick in and the right-hand side won't be evaluated. If <condition> is true, then the right-hand side will be evaluated and the element will be appended.

I'll just point out that doing the above is quite non-pythonic, and it would probably be best to write this, regardless:

if <condition>: myList.append('myString')

Demonstration:

>>> myList = []
>>> False and myList.append('myString')
False
>>> myList
[]
>>> True and myList.append('myString')
>>> myList
['myString']

回答2:

The reason the language doesn't allow you to use the syntax

variable = "something" if a_condition

without else is that, in the case where a_condition == False, variable is suddenly unknown. Maybe it could default to None, but Python requires that all variable assignments actually result in explicit assignments. This also applies to cases such as your function call, as the value passed to the function is evaluated just as the RHS of an assignment statement would be.

Similarly, all returns must actually return, even if they are conditional returns. Eg:

return variable if a_condition

is not allowed, but

return variable if a_condition else None

is allowed, since the second example is guaranteed to explicitly return something.

回答3:

if <condition>: myList.append('myString')

Otherwise, no. Why the need to put it on one line?

Note that the "ternary operator" is an operator. Like any operator, it must return something, so how can you have a ternary operator without the else clause? What is it supposed to return if the condition isn't true-like?

回答4:

myList.extend(['myString'] if condition else []) would also work, though it's more work than the other solutions.

回答5:

You are basically asking for do_thing() if <condition> else pass construct (which will throw SyntaxError, if ran). As I have discovered during research for (somewhat) similar question do_thing() if condition else None is as close as you can get (which is just another way to do <condition> and do_thing()). So, to summarize this idea and other answers, here are your options:

• if <condition>: myList.append('myString') — seems to be the least 'hacky' (and thus preferred) way
• <condition> and myList.append('myString')
• myList.append('myString') if <condition> else None

回答6:

You can do something like this:

myList.append('myString') if <condition> else False

or

myList.append('myString') if <condition> else 0