GetHashCode on null fields?

问题:

How do I deal with null fields in GetHashCode function?

Module Module1
  Sub Main()
    Dim c As New Contact
    Dim hash = c.GetHashCode
  End Sub

  Public Class Contact : Implements IEquatable(Of Contact)
    Public Name As String
    Public Address As String

    Public Overloads Function Equals(ByVal other As Contact) As Boolean _
        Implements System.IEquatable(Of Contact).Equals
      Return Name = other.Name AndAlso Address = other.Address
    End Function

    Public Overrides Function Equals(ByVal obj As Object) As Boolean
      If ReferenceEquals(Me, obj) Then Return True

      If TypeOf obj Is Contact Then
        Return Equals(DirectCast(obj, Contact))
      Else
        Return False
      End If
    End Function

    Public Overrides Function GetHashCode() As Integer
      Return Name.GetHashCode Xor Address.GetHashCode
    End Function
  End Class
End Module

回答1:

As Jeff Yates suggested, the override in the answer would give the same hash for (name = null, address = "foo") as (name = "foo", address = null). These need to be different. As suggested in link, something similar to the following would be better.

public override int GetHashCode()
{
    unchecked // Overflow is fine, just wrap
    {
        int hash = 17;
        hash = hash * 23 + (Name == null ? 0 : Name.GetHashCode());
        hash = hash * 23 + (Address == null ? 0 : Address.GetHashCode());
    }
    return hash;
}

What is the best algorithm for an overridden System.Object.GetHashCode?

回答2:

Typically, you check for null and use 0 for that "part" of the hash code if the field is null:

return (Name == null ? 0 : Name.GetHashCode()) ^ 
  (Address == null ? 0 : Address.GetHashCode());

(pardon the C#-ism, not sure of the null check equivalent in VB)