Error: No default engine was specified and no exte

问题:

I am working through setting up a http server using node.js and engine. However, I keep running into issues that I have little information on how to resolve I would appreciate some help solving this please. Thanks in advance.

Error: No default engine was specified and no extension was provided. 
at new View (...\node_modules\express\lib\view.js:41:42) 
at Function.app.render (...\node_modules\express\lib\application.js:484:12) 
at ServerResponse.res.render (...\node_modules\express\lib\response.js:783:7) 
at Layer.handle (...\app.js:123:7) 
at trim_prefix (...\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:225:17) 
at c (...\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:198:9) 
at Function.proto.process_params (...\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:253:12) 
at next (...\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:189:19) 
at next (...\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:202:7) 
at next (...\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:166:38)

Below is what I have set up to start up this engine.

var http = require('http');  
var module = require("module")
var logger = require('morgan');
var express = require('express');
var app =  module.exports = express();
var silent = 'test' == process.env.NODE_ENV;
var httpServer = http.createServer(app);  // app middleware

app.enable('strict routing');
// app.all('*', function(req, res, next)/*** CORS support.*/
// {
//   if (!req.get('Origin')) return next();// use "*" here to accept any origin
//   res.set('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', 'http://localhost:3000');
//   res.set('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'GET, POST');
//   res.set('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'X-Requested-With, Content-Type');
//   res.set('Access-Control-Allow-Max-Age', 3600);
//   if ('OPTIONS' == req.method) return res.send(200);
//   next();
// });
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views'); // general config
app.set('view engine', 'html');
app.get('/404', function(req, res, next){
next();// trigger a 404 since no other middleware will match /404 after this one, and we're not responding here
});
app.get('/403', function(req, res, next){// trigger a 403 error
  var err = new Error('not allowed!');
  err.status = 403;
  next(err);
});
app.get('/500', function(req, res, next){// trigger a generic (500) error
  next(new Error('keyboard cat!'));
});
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public')); 
//error handlers
app.use(logErrors);
app.use(clientErrorHandler);
app.use(errorHandler);  
// middleware with an arity of 4 are considered error handling middleware. When you next(err)
// it will be passed through the defined middleware in order, but ONLY those with an arity of 4, ignoring regular middleware.
function clientErrorHandler(err, req, res, next) {
  if (req.xhr) {// whatever you want here, feel free to populate properties on `err` to treat it differently in here.
  res.send(err.status || 500, { error: err.message });
  } 
  else 
  { next(err);}
};
// create an error with .status. we can then use the property in our custom error handler (Connect repects this prop as well)
function error  (status, msg) {
  var err = new Error(msg);
  err.status = status;
  return err;
};
function logErrors  (err, req, res, next) {
  console.error(err.stack);
  next(err);
};
function errorHandler (err, req, res, next) {
  res.status(500);
  res.render('error', { error: err });
};

// Error handlers
// Since this is the last non-error-handling middleware use()d, we assume 404, as nothing else responded.
// $ curl http://localhost:3000/notfound
// $ curl http://localhost:3000/notfound -H "Accept: application/json"
// $ curl http://localhost:3000/notfound -H "Accept: text/plain"
app.use(function(req, res, next){
  res.status(404); 
  if (req.accepts('html')) {// respond with html page
    res.render('404', { url: req.url });
    return;
  } 
  if (req.accepts('json')) {// respond with json
    res.send({ error: 'Not found' });
    return;
  } 
  res.type('txt').send('Not found');// default to plain-text. send()
});

// error-handling middleware, take the same form as regular middleware, however they require an
// arity of 4, aka the signature (err, req, res, next).when connect has an error, it will invoke ONLY error-handling middleware.

// If we were to next() here any remaining non-error-handling middleware would then be executed, or if we next(err) to
// continue passing the error, only error-handling middleware would remain being executed, however here
// we simply respond with an error page.
app.use(function(err, req, res, next){
  // we may use properties of the error object here and next(err) appropriately, or if we possibly recovered from the error, simply next().
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  res.render('500', { error: err });
});

if (!module.parent) {// assigning to exports will not modify module, must use module.exports
  app.listen(3000);
  silent || console.log('Express started on port 3000');
};

回答1:

The res.render stuff will throw an error if you're not using a view engine.

If you just want to serve json replace the res.render('error', { error: err }); lines in your code with:

res.json({ error: err })

PS: People usually also have message in the returned object:

res.status(err.status || 500);
res.json({
  message: err.message,
  error: err
});

回答2:

You are missing the view engine, for example use jade:

change your

app.set('view engine', 'html');

with

app.set('view engine', 'jade');

If you want use a html friendly syntax use instead ejs

app.engine('html', require('ejs').renderFile);
app.set('view engine', 'html');

EDIT

As you can read from view.js Express View Module

module.exports = View;

/**
 * Initialize a new `View` with the given `name`.
 *
 * Options:
 *
 *   - `defaultEngine` the default template engine name
 *   - `engines` template engine require() cache
 *   - `root` root path for view lookup
 *
 * @param {String} name
 * @param {Object} options
 * @api private
 */

function View(name, options) {
  options = options || {};
  this.name = name;
  this.root = options.root;
  var engines = options.engines;
  this.defaultEngine = options.defaultEngine;
  var ext = this.ext = extname(name);
  if (!ext && !this.defaultEngine) throw new Error('No default engine was specified and no extension was provided.');
  if (!ext) name += (ext = this.ext = ('.' != this.defaultEngine[0] ? '.' : '') + this.defaultEngine);
  this.engine = engines[ext] || (engines[ext] = require(ext.slice(1)).__express);
  this.path = this.lookup(name);
}

You must have installed a default engine

Express search default layout view by program.template as you can read below:

mkdir(path + '/views', function(){
      switch (program.template) {
        case 'ejs':
          write(path + '/views/index.ejs', ejsIndex);
          break;
        case 'jade':
          write(path + '/views/layout.jade', jadeLayout);
          write(path + '/views/index.jade', jadeIndex);
          break;
        case 'jshtml':
          write(path + '/views/layout.jshtml', jshtmlLayout);
          write(path + '/views/index.jshtml', jshtmlIndex);
          break;
        case 'hjs':
          write(path + '/views/index.hjs', hoganIndex);
          break;

      }
    });

and as you can read below:

program.template = 'jade';
if (program.ejs) program.template = 'ejs';
if (program.jshtml) program.template = 'jshtml';
if (program.hogan) program.template = 'hjs';

the default view engine is jade

回答3:

Comment out the res.render lines in your code and add in next(err); instead. If you're not using a view engine, the res.render stuff will throw an error.

Sorry, you'll have to comment out this line as well:

app.set('view engine', 'html');

My solution would result in not using a view engine though. You don't need a view engine, but if that's the goal, try this:

app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'jade');
//swap jade for ejs etc

You'll need the res.render lines when using a view engine as well. Something like this:

// error handlers
// development error handler
// will print stacktrace
if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
  app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
    res.status(err.status || 500);
    res.render('error', {
    message: err.message,
    error: err
    });
  });
}
// production error handler
// no stacktraces leaked to user
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  next(err);
  res.render('error', {
  message: err.message,
  error: {}
  });
});

回答4:

If you wish to render a html file use

response.sendfile('index.html');

then you remove of the

app.set('view engine', 'html');

only thing is put your index.html in views. or make public folder as static and put the index.html in public

回答5:

If all that's needed is to send html code inline in the code, we can use below

var app = express();
app.get('/test.html', function (req, res) {
   res.header('Content-Type', 'text/html').send("<html>my html code</html>");
});

回答6:

You can use express-error-handler to use static html pages for error handling and to avoid defining a view handler.

The error was probably caused by a 404, maybe a missing favicon (apparent if you had included the previous console message). The 'view handler' of 'html' doesn't seem to be valid in 4.x express.

Regardless of the cause, you can avoid defining a (valid) view handler as long as you modify additional elements of your configuration.

Your options are to fix this problem are:

• Define a valid view handler as in other answers
• Use send() instead of render to return the content directly

http://expressjs.com/en/api.html#res.render

Using render without a filepath automatically invokes a view handler as with the following two lines from your configuration:

res.render('404', { url: req.url });

and:

res.render('500);

Make sure you install express-error-handler with:

npm install --save express-error-handler

Then import it in your app.js

var ErrorHandler = require('express-error-handler');

Then change your error handling to use:

// define below all other routes
var errorHandler = ErrorHandler({
  static: {
    '404': 'error.html' // put this file in your Public folder
    '500': 'error.html' // ditto
});

// any unresolved requests will 404
app.use(function(req,res,next) {
  var err = new Error('Not Found');
  err.status(404);
  next(err);
}

app.use(errorHandler);

回答7:

set view engine following way

app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'jade');

回答8:

I just got this error message, and the problem was that I was not setting up my middleware properly.

I am building a blog in the MEAN stack and needed body parsing for the .jade files that I was using on the front end side. Here is the snippet of code from my "/middleware/index.js" file, from my project.

var express = require('express');
var morgan = require('morgan');
var session = require('express-session');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');

module.exports = function (app) {
app.use(morgan('dev'));

// Good for now
// In the future, use connect-mongo or similar
// for persistant sessions
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({
    extended: true
}));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(session({secret: 'building a blog', saveUninitialized: true, resave: true}));

Also, here is my "package.json" file, you may be using different versions of technologies. Note: because I am not sure of the dependencies between them, I am including the whole file here:

"dependencies": {
    "body-parser": "1.12.3",
    "consolidate": "0.12.1",
    "cookie-parser": "1.3.4",
    "crypto": "0.0.3",
    "debug": "2.1.1",
    "express": "4.12.2",
    "express-mongoose": "0.1.0",
    "express-session": "1.11.1",
    "jade": "1.9.2",
    "method-override": "2.3.2",
    "mongodb": "2.0.28",
    "mongoose": "4.0.2",
    "morgan": "1.5.1",
    "request": "2.55.0",
    "serve-favicon": "2.2.0",
    "swig": "1.4.2"
  }

Hope this helps someone! All the best!

回答9:

The above answers are correct, but I found that a simple typo can also generate this error. For example, I had var router = express() instead of var router = express.Router() and got this error. So it should be the following:

// App.js 
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended:false}));
// assuming you put views folder in the same directory as app.js
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views')
app.engine('ejs', ejs.renderFile);
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
// router - wherever you put it, could be in app.js
var router = express.Router();
router.get('/', function (req,res) {
  res.render('/index.ejs');
})