Using Rails 3.1, where do you put your “page speci

2018-12-31 15:01发布

站内文章 / JavaScript

76 0

若你有天会懂

女 | 书童

私信

可以将文章内容翻译成中文,广告屏蔽插件可能会导致该功能失效(如失效，请关闭广告屏蔽插件后再试):

问题:

To my understanding, all of your JavaScript gets merged into 1 file. Rails does this by default when it adds //= require_tree . to the bottom of your application.js manifest file.

This sounds like a real life-saver, but I am a little concerned about page-specific JavaScript code. Does this code get executed on every page? The last thing I want is for all of my objects to be instantiated for every page when they are only needed on 1 page.

Also, isn\'t there potential for code that clashes too?

Or do you put a small script tag at the bottom of the page that just calls into a method that executes the javascript code for the page?

Do you no longer need require.js then?

Thanks

EDIT: I appreciate all the answers... and I don\'t think they are really getting at the problem. Some of them are about styling and don\'t seem to relate... and others just mention javascript_include_tag... which I know exists (obviously...) but it would appear that the Rails 3.1 way going forward is to wrap up all of your JavaScript into 1 file rather than loading individual JavaScript at the bottom of each page.

The best solution I can come up with is to wrap certain features in div tags with ids or classes. In the JavaScript code, you just check if the id or class is on the page, and if it is, you run the JavaScript code that is associated with it. This way if the dynamic element is not on the page, the JavaScript code doesn\'t run - even though it\'s been included in the massive application.js file packaged by Sprockets.

My above solution has the benefit that if a search box is included on 8 of the 100 pages, it will run on only those 8 pages. You also won\'t have to include the same code on 8 of the pages on the site. In fact, you\'ll never have to include manual script tags on your site anywhere ever again.

I think this is the actual answer to my question.

回答1:

The Asset Pipeline docs suggest how to do controller-specific JS:

For example, if a ProjectsController is generated, there will be a new file at app/assets/javascripts/projects.js.coffee and another at app/assets/stylesheets/projects.css.scss. You should put any JavaScript or CSS unique to a controller inside their respective asset files, as these files can then be loaded just for these controllers with lines such as <%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %> or <%= stylesheet_link_tag params[:controller] %>.

Link to: asset_pipeline

回答2:

For the page-specific js you can use Garber-Irish solution.

So your Rails javascripts folder might look like this for two controllers - cars and users:

javascripts/
├── application.js
├── init.js
├── markup_based_js_execution
├── cars
│   ├── init .js
│   ├── index.js
│   └── ...
└── users
    └── ...

And javascripts will look like this:

// application.js

//= 
//= require init.js
//= require_tree cars
//= require_tree users

// init.js

SITENAME = new Object();
SITENAME.cars = new Object;
SITENAME.users = new Object;

SITENAME.common.init = function (){
  // Your js code for all pages here
}

// cars/init.js

SITENAME.cars.init = function (){
  // Your js code for the cars controller here
}

// cars/index.js

SITENAME.cars.index = function (){
  // Your js code for the index method of the cars controller
}

and markup_based_js_execution will contain code for UTIL object, and on DOM-ready UTIL.init execution.

And don\'t forget to put this to your layout file:

<body data-controller=\"<%= controller_name %>\" data-action=\"<%= action_name %>\">

I also think that it is better to use classes instead of data-* attributes, for the better page-specific css. As Jason Garber have mentioned: page-specific CSS selectors can get really awkward (when you use data-*attributes)

I hope this will help you.

回答3:

I see that you\'ve answered your own question, but here\'s another option:

Basically, you\'re making the assumption that

//= require_tree .

is required. It\'s not. Feel free to remove it. In my current application, the first I\'m doing with 3.1.x honestly, I\'ve made three different top level JS files. My application.js file only has

//= require jquery
//= require jquery_ujs
//= require_directory .
//= require_directory ./api
//= require_directory ./admin

This way, I can create subdirectories, with their own top level JS files, that only include what I need.

The keys are:

You can remove require_tree - Rails lets you change the assumptions it makes
There\'s nothing special about the name application.js - any file in the assets/javascript subdirectory can include pre-processor directives with //=

Hope that helps and adds some details to ClosureCowboy\'s answer.

Sujal

回答4:

Another option: to create page- or model-specific files, you could create directories inside your assets/javascripts/ folder.

assets/javascripts/global/
assets/javascripts/cupcakes
assets/javascripts/something_else_specific

Your main application.js manifest file could be configured to load its files from global/. Specific pages or groups of pages could have their own manifests which load files from their own specific directories. Sprockets will automatically combine the files loaded by application.js with your page-specific files, which allows this solution to work.

This technique can be used for style_sheets/ as well.

回答5:

I appreciate all the answers... and I don\'t think they are really getting at the problem. Some of them are about styling and don\'t seem to relate... and others just mention javascript_include_tag... which I know exists (obviously...) but it would appear that the Rails 3.1 way going forward is to wrap up all of your Javascript into 1 file rather than loading individual Javascript at the bottom of each page.

The best solution I can come up with is to wrap certain features in div tags with ids or classes. In the javascript code. Then you just check if the id or class is on the page, and if it is, you run the javascript code that is associated with it. This way if the dynamic element is not on the page, the javascript code doesn\'t run - even though it\'s been included in the massive application.js file packaged by Sprockets.

I think this is the actual answer to my question.

回答6:

I realize I\'m coming to this party a bit late, but I wanted to throw in a solution that I\'ve been using lately. However, let me first mention...

The Rails 3.1/3.2 Way (No, sir. I don\'t like it.)

See: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/asset_pipeline.html#how-to-use-the-asset-pipeline

I\'m including the following for the sake of completeness in this answer, and because it\'s not an unviable solution... though I don\'t care much for it.

The \"Rails Way\" is a controller-oriented solution, rather than being view-oriented as the original author of this question requested. There are controller-specific JS files named after their respective controllers. All of these files are placed in a folder tree that is NOT included by default in any of the application.js require directives.

To include controller-specific code, the following is added to a view.

<%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %>

I loathe this solution, but it\'s there and it\'s quick. Presumably, you could instead call these files something like \"people-index.js\" and \"people-show.js\" and then use something like \"#{params[:controller]}-index\" to get a view-oriented solution. Again, quick fix, but it doesn\'t sit well with me.

My Data Attribute Way

Call me crazy, but I want ALL of my JS compiled and minified into application.js when I deploy. I don\'t want to have to remember to include these little straggler files all over the place.

I load all of my JS in one compact, soon-to-be browser cached, file. If a certain piece of my application.js needs to be fired on a page, I let the HTML tell me, not Rails.

Rather than locking my JS to specific element IDs or littering my HTML with marker classes, I use a custom data attribute called data-jstags.

<input name=\"search\" data-jstag=\"auto-suggest hint\" />

On each page, I use - insert preferred JS library method here - to run code when the DOM has finished loading. This bootstrapping code performs the following actions:

Iterate over all elements in the DOM marked with data-jstag
For each element, split the attribute value on space, creating an array of tag strings.
For each tag string, perform a lookup in a Hash for that tag.
If a matching key is found, run the function that is associated with it, passing the element as a parameter.

So say I have the following defined somewhere in my application.js:

function my_autosuggest_init(element) {
  /* Add events to watch input and make suggestions... */
}

function my_hint_init(element) {
  /* Add events to show a hint on change/blur when blank... */
  /* Yes, I know HTML 5 can do this natively with attributes. */
}

var JSTags = {
  \'auto-suggest\': my_autosuggest_init,
  \'hint\': my_hint_init
};

The bootstrapping event is going to apply the my_autosuggest_init and my_hint_init functions against the search input, turning it into an input that displays a list of suggestions while the user types, as well as providing some kind of input hint when the input is left blank and unfocused.

Unless some element is tagged with data-jstag=\"auto-suggest\", the auto-suggest code never fires. However, it\'s always there, minified and eventually cached in my application.js for those times that I need it on a page.

If you need to pass additional parameters to your tagged JS functions, you\'ll have to apply some creativity. Either add data-paramter attributes, come up with some kind of parameter syntax, or even use a hybrid approach.

Even if I have some complicated workflow that seems controller-specific, I will just create a file for it in my lib folder, pack it into application.js, and tag it with something like \'new-thing-wizard\'. When my bootstrap hits that tag, my nice, fancy wizard will be instantiated and run. It runs for that controller\'s view(s) when needed, but is not otherwise coupled to the controller. In fact, if I code my wizard right, I might be able to provide all configuration data in the views and therefore be able to re-use my wizard later for any other controller that needs it.

Anyway, this is how I\'ve been implementing page specific JS for a while now, and it has served me well both for simple site designs and for more complex/rich applications. Hopefully one of the two solutions I\'ve presented here, my way or the Rails way, is helpful to anyone who comes across this question in the future.

回答7:

This has been answered and accepted long ago, but I came up with my own solution based on some of these answers and my experience with Rails 3+.

The asset pipeline is sweet. Use it.

First, in your application.js file, remove //= require_tree.

Then in your application_controller.rb create a helper method:

helper_method :javascript_include_view_js //Or something similar

def javascript_include_view_js
    if FileTest.exists? \"app/assets/javascripts/\"+params[:controller]+\"/\"+params[:action]+\".js.erb\"
        return \'<script src=\"/assets/\'+params[:controller]+\'/\'+params[:action]+\'.js.erb\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\'
    end
end

Then in your application.html.erb layout file, add your new helper among the existing javascript includes, prefixed with the raw helper:

<head>
    <title>Your Application</title>
    <%= stylesheet_link_tag \"application\", :media => \"all\" %>
    <%= javascript_include_tag \"application\" %>
    <%= raw javascript_include_view_js %>
</head>

Voila, now you can easily create view-specific javascript using the same file structure you use everywhere else in rails. Simply stick your files in app/assets/:namespace/:controller/action.js.erb!

Hope that helps someone else!

回答8:

You can add this line in your layout file (e.g. application.html.erb) to automatically load the controller specific javascript file (the one that was created when you generated the controller):

<%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %>

You also could add a line to automatically load a script file in a per-action basis.

<%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] + \"/\" + params[:action] %>

Just put your page scripts into a subdirectoriy named after the controller name. In these files you could include other scripts using =require. It would be nice to create a helper to include the file only if it exists, to avoid a 404 fail in the browser.

回答9:

<%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %>

回答10:

Maybe you will find pluggable_js gem as suitable solution.

回答11:

The LoadJS gem is another option:

LoadJS provides a way to load page-specific Javascript code in a Rails app without loosing the magic provided by Sprockets. All your Javascript code will continue by minified in one Javascript file but some portions of it will only be executed for certain pages.

https://github.com/guidomb/loadjs

回答12:

Philip\'s answer is quite good. Here is the code to make it work:

In application.html.erb:

<body class=\"<%=params[:controller].parameterize%>\">

Assuming your controller is called Projects, that will generate:

<body class=\"projects\">

Then in projects.js.coffee:

jQuery ->
  if $(\'body.projects\').length > 0  
     $(\'h1\').click ->
       alert \'you clicked on an h1 in Projects\'

回答13:

JavaScripts are only merged when you tell Rails (Sprockets, rather) to merge them.

回答14:

This is how i solved the styling issue: (excuse the Haml)

%div{:id => \"#{params[:controller].parameterize} #{params[:view]}\"}
    = yield

This way i start all the page specific .css.sass files with:

#post
  /* Controller specific code here */
  &#index
    /* View specific code here */
  &#new
  &#edit
  &#show

This way you can easily avoid any clashes. When it comes to .js.coffee files you could just initialize elements like;

$(\'#post > #edit\') ->
  $(\'form > h1\').css(\'float\', \'right\')

Hope this helped some.

回答15:

You can also group the js in folders and continue to use the asset pipeline to load your javascript selectively depending on the page.

回答16:

I agree with your answer, to check if that selector is there, use:

if ($(selector).length) {
    // Put the function that does not need to be executed every page
}

(didn\'t see anyone add the actual solution)

回答17:

I don\'t see an answer that really puts it all together and lays it out for you. Thus, I\'ll try to put meleyal, sujal (a la ClosureCowboy), the first part of Ryan\'s answer, and even Gal\'s bold statement about Backbone.js... all together in a way that is short and clear. And, who knows, I might even meet Marnen Laibow-Koser\'s requirements.

Example edits

assets/javascripts/application.js

//= require jquery
//= require jquery_ujs
//= require lodash.underscore.min
...

views/layouts/application.html.erb

  ...
  </footer>

  <!-- Javascripts ================================================== -->
  <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
  <%= javascript_include_tag \"application\" %>
  <%= yield :javascript %>

</body>
</html>

views/foo/index.html.erb

...
<% content_for :javascript do %>
  <%= javascript_include_tag params[:controller] %>
<% end %>

assets/javascripts/foo.js

//= require moment
//= require_tree ./foostuff

assets/javascripts/foostuff/foothis.js.coffee

alert \"Hello world!\"

Brief description

Remove //= require_tree . from application.js and list only the JS that each page shares.
The two lines shown above in application.html.erb tell the page where to include application.js and your page-specific JS.
The three lines shown above in index.html.erb tells your view to look for some page-specific JS and include it at a named yield region called \":javascript\" (or whatever you want to name it). In this example, the controller is \"foo\" so Rails will attempt to include \"foo.js\" at the :javascript yield region in the application layout.
List your page-specific JS in foo.js (or whatever the controller is named). List common libraries, a tree, directories, whatever.
Keep your custom page-specific JS someplace where you can easily reference it apart from your other custom JS. In this example, foo.js requires the foostuff tree so put your custom JS there, such as foothis.js.coffee.
There are no hard rules here. Feel free to move things around and perhaps even create multiple yield regions of various names in various layouts if needed. This just shows one possible first step forward. (I don\'t do it exactly like this given our use of Backbone.js. I might also choose to drop foo.js down into a folder called foo instead of foostuff but haven\'t decided that yet.)

Notes

You can do similar things with CSS and <%= stylesheet_link_tag params[:controller] %> but this is beyond scope of the question.

If I missed a glaring best practice here, send me a note and I\'ll conisder adapting. Rails is fairly new to me and, honestly, I\'m not terribly impressed so far with the chaos it brings by default to enterprise development and all the traffic the average Rails program generates.

回答18:

I have another solution, which although primitive works fine for me and doesn\'t need any fancy selective loading strategies. Put in your nornal document ready function, but then test the current windows location to see if it is the page your javascript is intended for:

$(document).ready(function() {
   if(window.location.pathname.indexOf(\'/yourpage\') != -1) {
          // the javascript you want to execute
   }
}

This still allows all the js to be loaded by rails 3.x in one small package, but does not generate much overhead or any conflicts with pages for which the js isn\'t intended.

回答19:

ryguy\'s answer is a good answer, even though its been downvoted into negative points land.

Especially if you\'re using something like Backbone JS - each page has its own Backbone view. Then the erb file just has a single line of inline javascript that fires up the right backbone view class. I consider it a single line of \'glue code\' and therefore the fact that its inline is OK. The advantage is that you can keep your \"require_tree\" which lets the browser cache all the javascript.

in show.html.erb, you\'ll have something like:

<% provide :javascript do %>
  <%= javascript_include_tag do %>
    (new app.views.ProjectsView({el: \'body\'})).render();
  <% end %>
<% end do %>

and in your layout file, you\'ll need:

<%= yield :javascript %>

回答20:

Move all your commom JS files to a sub-folder like \'app/assets/javascript/global\' then in the application.js, modify the //= require_tree . line to //= require_tree ./global.

Now you are free to put your controller-specific JS on the \'app/assets/javascript/\' root and they will not be included in compiled JS, being used just when you call them via = javascript_include_tag on your controller/view.

回答21:

Though you have several answers here, I think your edit is probably the best bet. A design pattern that we use in our team that we got from Gitlab is the Dispatcher pattern. It does something similar to what you\'re talking about, however the page name is set in the body tag by rails. For example, in your layout file, just include something like (in HAML):

%body{\'data-page\' => \"#{controller}:#{action}\" }

Then only have one closure and a switch statement in your dispatcher.js.coffee file in your javascripts folder like so:

$ ->
  new Dispatcher()

class Dispatcher
  constructor: ->
    page = $(\'body\').attr(\'data-page\')
    switch page
      when \'products:index\'
        new Products() 
      when \'users:login\'
        new Login()

All you need to do in the individual files (say products.js.coffee or login.js.coffee for example) is enclose them in a class and then globalize that class symbol so you can access it in the dispatcher:

class Products
  constructor: ->
    #do stuff
@Products = Products

Gitlab has several examples of this that you might want to poke around with in case you\'re curious :)

回答22:

Paloma project offers interesting approach to manage page specific javascript code.

Usage example from their docs:

var UsersController = Paloma.controller(\'Users\');

// Executes when Rails User#new is executed.
UsersController.prototype.new = function(){
   alert(\'Hello Sexy User!\' );
};

回答23:

Step1. remove require_tree . in your application.js and application.css.

Step2. Edit your application.html.erb(by rails default) in layout folder. Add \"params[:controller]\" in the following tags.

<%= stylesheet_link_tag    \'application\', params[:controller], media: \'all\', \'data-turbolinks-track\' => true %>

<%= javascript_include_tag \'application\', params[:controller], \'data-turbolinks-track\' => true %>

Step3. Add a file in config/initializers/assets.rb

%w( controller_one controller_two controller_three ).each do |controller|
  Rails.application.config.assets.precompile += [\"#{controller}.js\", \"#{controller}.js.coffee\", \"#{controller}.css\", \"#{controller}.scss\"]
end

references: http://theflyingdeveloper.com/controller-specific-assets-with-rails-4/

回答24:

I haven\'t tried this out, but it looks like the following is true:

if you have a content_for that is javascript (e.g. with real javascript within it), sprockets would not know about it and thus this would work the same way as it does now.
if you want to exclude a file from the big bundle of javascript, you would go into config/sprockets.yml file and modify the source_files accordingly. Then, you would just include any of the files that you excluded where needed.

回答25:

I did it previously using this method: http://theflyingdeveloper.com/controller-specific-assets-with-rails-4/ . Super-easy, relies on controllers to select the proper js to load.

回答26:

I combined some answers into:

Application helper:

module ApplicationHelper
  def js_page_specific_include
    page_specific_js = params[:controller] + \'_\' + params[:action]
    if Rails.application.assets.find_asset(page_specific_js).nil?
      javascript_include_tag \'application\', \'data-turbolinks-track\' => true
    else
      javascript_include_tag \'application\', page_specific_js, \'data-turbolinks-track\' => true
    end
  end
end

layouts/application.html.haml:

 <!DOCTYPE html>
%html{lang: \'uk\'}
  %head   
    = stylesheet_link_tag \'application\', media: \'all\', \'data-turbolinks-track\' => true
   bla-bla-bla
    = js_page_specific_include   
   bla-bla-bla

回答27:

First: remove \\\\=require_treefrom application.js Second: all your JS code must be alocated at /app/assets/javascritpt and all your CSS code must be alocated at /app/assets/stylesheets

回答28:

Following the lead from Ryan, here\'s what I have done-

application.js.coffee

$ ->
    view_method_name = $(\"body\").data(\"view\") + \"_onload\"
    eval(\"#{view_method_name}()\") if eval(\"typeof #{view_method_name} == \'function\'\")
    view_action_method_name = $(\"body\").data(\"view\") + \"_\"+$(\"body\").data(\"action\")+\"_onload\"
    eval(\"#{view_action_method_name}()\") if eval(\"typeof #{view_action_method_name} == \'function\'\")

users.js.coffee (controller specific coffeescript,e.g controller:users, action:dashboard)

window.users_dashboard_onload = () ->
    alert(\"controller action called\")
window.users_onload = () ->
    alert(\"controller called\")

application.html.haml

%body{:data=>{:view=>controller.controller_name, :action=>controller.action_name}}

回答29:

Here\'s how to do it especially if you don\'t have to execute tons of libraries for your specific page, but only to run a few hundreds lines of JS more or less.

Since it\'s perfectly fine to embed Javascript code into HTML, just create under app/views shared.js directory and place there your page/pages specific code inside my_cool_partial.html.erb

<script type=\"text/javascript\"> 
<!--
  var your_code_goes_here = 0;
  function etc() {
     ...
  }
-->
</script>

So now from wherever you want you simply do:

  = render :partial => \'shared.js/my_cool_partial\'

And that\'s it, k?

标签： javascript ruby-on-rails ruby-on-rails-3.1 asset-pipeline sprockets