How to do a recursive find/replace of a string wit

问题:

How do I find and replace every occurrence of:

subdomainA.example.com

with

subdomainB.example.com

in every text file under the /home/www/ directory tree recursively?

回答1:

Note: Do not run this command on a folder including a git repo - changes to .git could corrupt your git index.

find /home/www -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\'

From man find:

-print0 (GNU find only) tells find to use the null character (\\0) instead of whitespace as the output delimiter between pathnames found. This is a safer option if you files can contain blanks or other special character. It is recommended to use the -print0 argument to find if you use -exec command or xargs (the -0 argument is needed in xargs.).

回答2:

Note: Do not run this command on a folder including a git repo - changes to .git could corrupt your git index.

find /home/www/ -type f -exec \\
    sed -i \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\' {} +

Compared to other answers here, this is simpler than most and uses sed instead of perl, which is what the original question asked for.

回答3:

The simplest way for me is

grep -rl oldtext . | xargs sed -i \'s/oldtext/newtext/g\'

回答4:

All the tricks are almost the same, but I like this one:

find <mydir> -type f -exec sed -i \'s/<string1>/<string2>/g\' {} +

• find <mydir>: look up in the directory.

• -type f:

  File is of type: regular file

• -exec command {} +:

  This variant of the -exec action runs the specified command on the selected files, but the command line is built by appending each selected file name at the end; the total number of invocations of the command will be much less than the number of matched files. The command line is built in much the same way that xargs builds its command lines. Only one instance of `{}\' is allowed within the command. The command is executed in the starting directory.

回答5:

cd /home/www && find . -type f -print0 |
  xargs -0 perl -i.bak -pe \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\'

回答6:

For me the easiest solution to remember is https://stackoverflow.com/a/2113224/565525, i.e.:

sed -i \'\' -e \'s/subdomainA/subdomainB/g\' $(find /home/www/ -type f)

NOTE: -i \'\' solves OSX problem sed: 1: \"...\": invalid command code .

NOTE: If there are too many files to process you\'ll get Argument list too long. The workaround - use find -exec or xargs solution described above.

回答7:

For anyone using silver searcher (ag)

ag SearchString -l0 | xargs -0 sed -i \'s/SearchString/Replacement/g\'

Since ag ignores git/hg/svn file/folders by default, this is safe to run inside a repository.

回答8:

To cut down on files to recursively sed through, you could grep for your string instance:

grep -rl <oldstring> /path/to/folder | xargs sed -i s^<oldstring>^<newstring>^g

If you run man grep you\'ll notice you can also define an --exlude-dir=\"*.git\" flag if you want to omit searching through .git directories, avoiding git index issues as others have politely pointed out.

Leading you to:

grep -rl --exclude-dir=\"*.git\" <oldstring> /path/to/folder | xargs sed -i s^<oldstring>^<newstring>^g

回答9:

An one nice oneliner as an extra. Using git grep.

git grep -lz \'subdomainA.example.com\' | xargs -0 perl -i\'\' -pE \"s/subdomainA.example.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\"

回答10:

This one is compatible with git repositories, and a bit simpler:

Linux:

git grep -l \'original_text\' | xargs sed -i \'s/original_text/new_text/g\'

Mac:

git grep -l \'original_text\' | xargs sed -i \'\' -e \'s/original_text/new_text/g\'

(Thanks to http://blog.jasonmeridth.com/posts/use-git-grep-to-replace-strings-in-files-in-your-git-repository/)

回答11:

I just needed this and was not happy with the speed of the available examples. So I came up with my own:

cd /var/www && ack-grep -l --print0 subdomainA.example.com | xargs -0 perl -i.bak -pe \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\'

Ack-grep is very efficient on finding relevant files. This command replaced ~145 000 files with a breeze whereas others took so long I couldn\'t wait until they finish.

回答12:

find /home/www/ -type f -exec perl -i.bak -pe \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\' {} +

find /home/www/ -type f will list all files in /home/www/ (and its subdirectories). The \"-exec\" flag tells find to run the following command on each file found.

perl -i.bak -pe \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\' {} +

is the command run on the files (many at a time). The {} gets replaced by file names. The + at the end of the command tells find to build one command for many filenames.

Per the find man page: \"The command line is built in much the same way that xargs builds its command lines.\"

Thus it\'s possible to achieve your goal (and handle filenames containing spaces) without using xargs -0, or -print0.

回答13:

Try this:

sed -i \'s/subdomainA/subdomainB/g\' `grep -ril \'subdomainA\' *`

回答14:

grep -lr \'subdomainA.example.com\' | while read file; do sed -i \"s/subdomainA.example.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\" \"$file\"; done

I guess most people don\'t know that they can pipe something into a \"while read file\" and it avoids those nasty -print0 args, while presevering spaces in filenames.

Further adding an echo before the sed allows you to see what files will change before actually doing it.

回答15:

You can use awk to solve this as below,

for file in `find /home/www -type f`
do
   awk \'{gsub(/subdomainA.example.com/,\"subdomainB.example.com\"); print $0;}\' $file > ./tempFile && mv ./tempFile $file;
done

hope this will help you !!!

回答16:

#!/usr/local/bin/bash -x

find * /home/www -type f | while read files
do

sedtest=$(sed -n \'/^/,/$/p\' \"${files}\" | sed -n \'/subdomainA/p\')

    if [ \"${sedtest}\" ]
    then
    sed s\'/subdomainA/subdomainB/\'g \"${files}\" > \"${files}\".tmp
    mv \"${files}\".tmp \"${files}\"
    fi

done

回答17:

If you do not mind using vim together with grep or find tools, you could follow up the answer given by user Gert in this link --> How to do a text replacement in a big folder hierarchy?.

Here\'s the deal:

• recursively grep for the string that you want to replace in a certain path, and take only the complete path of the matching file. (that would be the $(grep \'string\' \'pathname\' -Rl).

• (optional) if you want to make a pre-backup of those files on centralized directory maybe you can use this also: cp -iv $(grep \'string\' \'pathname\' -Rl) \'centralized-directory-pathname\'

• after that you can edit/replace at will in vim following a scheme similar to the one provided on the link given:

  • :bufdo %s#string#replacement#gc | update

回答18:

A bit old school but this worked on OS X.

There are few trickeries:

• Will only edit files with extension .sls under the current directory

• . must be escaped to ensure sed does not evaluate them as \"any character\"

• , is used as the sed delimiter instead of the usual /

Also note this is to edit a Jinja template to pass a variable in the path of an import (but this is off topic).

First, verify your sed command does what you want (this will only print the changes to stdout, it will not change the files):

for file in $(find . -name *.sls -type f); do echo -e \"\\n$file: \"; sed \'s,foo\\.bar,foo/bar/\\\"+baz+\\\"/,g\' $file; done

Edit the sed command as needed, once you are ready to make changes:

for file in $(find . -name *.sls -type f); do echo -e \"\\n$file: \"; sed -i \'\' \'s,foo\\.bar,foo/bar/\\\"+baz+\\\"/,g\' $file; done

Note the -i \'\' in the sed command, I did not want to create a backup of the original files (as explained in In-place edits with sed on OS X or in Robert Lujo\'s comment in this page).

Happy seding folks!

回答19:

just to avoid to change also

• NearlysubdomainA.example.com
• subdomainA.example.comp.other

but still

• subdomainA.example.com.IsIt.good

(maybe not good in the idea behind domain root)

find /home/www/ -type f -exec sed -i \'s/\\bsubdomainA\\.example\\.com\\b/\\1subdomainB.example.com\\2/g\' {} \\;

回答20:

According to this blog post:

find . -type f | xargs perl -pi -e \'s/oldtext/newtext/g;\'

回答21:

I just use tops:

find . -name \'*.[c|cc|cp|cpp|m|mm|h]\' -print0 |  xargs -0 tops -verbose  replace \"verify_noerr(<b args>)\" with \"__Verify_noErr(<args>)\" \\
replace \"check(<b args>)\" with \"__Check(<args>)\" 

回答22:

Here\'s a version that should be more general than most; it doesn\'t require find (using du instead), for instance. It does require xargs, which are only found in some versions of Plan 9 (like 9front).

 du -a | awk -F\' \'  \'{ print $2 }\' | xargs sed -i -e \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\'

If you want to add filters like file extensions use grep:

 du -a | grep \"\\.scala$\" | awk -F\' \'  \'{ print $2 }\' | xargs sed -i -e \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\'

回答23:

For Qshell (qsh) on IBMi, not bash as tagged by OP.

Limitations of qsh commands:

• find does not have the -print0 option
• xargs does not have -0 option
• sed does not have -i option

Thus the solution in qsh:

    PATH=\'your/path/here\'
    SEARCH=\\\'subdomainA.example.com\\\'
    REPLACE=\\\'subdomainB.example.com\\\'

    for file in $( find ${PATH} -P -type f ); do

            TEMP_FILE=${file}.${RANDOM}.temp_file

            if [ ! -e ${TEMP_FILE} ]; then
                    touch -C 819 ${TEMP_FILE}

                    sed -e \'s/\'$SEARCH\'/\'$REPLACE\'/g\' \\
                    < ${file} > ${TEMP_FILE}

                    mv ${TEMP_FILE} ${file}
            fi
    done

Caveats:

• Solution excludes error handling
• Not Bash as tagged by OP

回答24:

If you wanted to use this without completely destroying your SVN repository, you can tell \'find\' to ignore all hidden files by doing:

find . \\( ! -regex \'.*/\\..*\' \\) -type f -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i \'s/subdomainA.example.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\'

回答25:

Using combination of grep and sed

for pp in $(grep -Rl looking_for_string)
do
    sed -i \'s/looking_for_string/something_other/g\' \"${pp}\"
done

回答26:

For replace all occurrences in a git repository you can use:

git ls-files -z | xargs -0 sed -i \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\'

See List files in local git repo? for other options to list all files in a repository. The -z options tells git to separate the file names with a zero byte, which assures that xargs (with the option -0) can separate filenames, even if they contain spaces or whatnot.

回答27:

perl -p -i -e \'s/oldthing/new_thingy/g\' `grep -ril oldthing *`

回答28:

to change multiple files (and saving a backup as *.bak):

perl -p -i -e \"s/\\|/x/g\" *

will take all files in directory and replace | with x called a “Perl pie” (easy as a pie)

回答29:

A simpler way is to use the below on the command line

find /home/www/ -type f|xargs perl -pi -e \'s/subdomainA\\.example\\.com/subdomainB.example.com/g\' 

回答30:

This is the best all around solution I\'ve found for OSX and Windows (msys2). Should work with anything that can get the gnu version of sed. Skips the .git directories so it won\'t corrupt your checksums.

On mac, just install coreutils first and ensure gsed is in the path -

brew install coreutils

Then I stick this function in my zshrc/bashrc ->

replace-recursive() {
    hash gsed 2>/dev/null && local SED_CMD=\"gsed\" || SED_CMD=\"sed\"
    find . -type f -name \"*.*\" -not -path \"*/.git/*\" -print0 | xargs -0 $SED_CMD -i \"s/$1/$2/g\"
}

usage: replace-recursive <find> <replace>