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问题:

I need a JVM-based scripting language for my app and would like to see what else is out there besides Groovy, Ruby, and Python.

Google keeps pointing me to a dead page at http://scripting.dev.java.net/

回答1:

This is not a official list, but you can start here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_JVM_languages

Rhino (JavaScript) is implemented in the Oracle JDK/JRE by default.

With this code you can see what scripting languages are available in your JDK:

import java.util.*;
import javax.script.*;

public class A {

    public static void main( String[] args ) {

        ScriptEngineManager mgr = new ScriptEngineManager();
        List<ScriptEngineFactory> factories = mgr.getEngineFactories();

        for (ScriptEngineFactory factory : factories) {

            System.out.println("ScriptEngineFactory Info");

            String engName = factory.getEngineName();
            String engVersion = factory.getEngineVersion();
            String langName = factory.getLanguageName();
            String langVersion = factory.getLanguageVersion();

            System.out.printf("\tScript Engine: %s (%s)%n", engName, engVersion);

            List<String> engNames = factory.getNames();
            for(String name : engNames) {
                System.out.printf("\tEngine Alias: %s%n", name);
            }

            System.out.printf("\tLanguage: %s (%s)%n", langName, langVersion);

        }

    }

}

This example was obtained here: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/javase/scripting-140262.html

You may want to try Lua too. Take a look here: how can I embed lua in java?

回答2:

The old page is located here (download to view, wrong content type set on response) http://java.net/projects/scripting/sources/svn/content/trunk/www/index.html?raw=true

The ones hosted on the JSR-223 project page can be browsed at http://java.net/projects/scripting/sources/svn/show/trunk/engines but the list is:

JSR-223 script engines

AWK
BeanShell
ejs
FreeMarker
Groovy
Jaskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Web Browser)
Jelly
JEP
Jexl
jst
JudoScript
JUEL
OGNL
Pnuts
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Sleep
Tcl
Velocity
XPath
XSLT

JSR 223 script engines maintained elsewhere

JavaFX Script
ABCL
AppleScript
Bex script
OCaml Scripting Project
PHP
PHP (another one)
Python
Smalltalk
CajuScript
MathEclipse

For download links look in the index.html I mention above. For any of the java.net projects just remove the dev so scripting.dev.java.net becomes scripting.java.net. You might have to browse in a repo for the old web pages.

One notable thing, the JavaScript engine (Rhino) is being completely rewritten for Java 8. The new name is Nashorn. For more see: http://openjdk.java.net/projects/nashorn/

回答3:

I'm not aware of a comprehensive list.

However it is worth pointing out that you can use pretty much any embeddable JVM language for scripting purposes as long as it supports dynamic compilation / execution at runtime. It doesn't really matter if it is JSR233 or not.

For example, I use Clojure for scripting (with a custom DSL) in a few of my apps.

I've not tried it myself, but I think you could also use Scala: scala as scripting language

FWIW, my personal choices would be:

Clojure for expressive power / DSL capabilities (if you are using the scripting capability yourself or with an expert team)
Groovy if your main goal is ease of use for end users (because of simplicity and similarity with Java)