Python HTTP request with controlled ordering of HT

问题:

I am programming a client interface to a restful web service in python and unfortunately the web service requires custom headers to be present in the request. I have been using Requests for this however the web service also requires the headers to be in a specific order in the request. I haven't been able to figure out how Requests orders the headers and see if there is a way to be able to control this ordering.

I am also open to using another module other than Requests in my application if someone has a recommendation.

回答1:

Updated answer

The answer below concerns versions below 2.9.2. Since version 2.9.2 (around April 2016) using an OrderedDict works again.

Old answer

It looks like it was possible some time ago using just the built-in functionality (issue 179). I think it is not anymore (issue 2057) and one of the reasons is mentioned in another comment by num1. I have used a following solution/workaround.

import requests
import collections

class SortedHTTPAdapter(requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter):
    def add_headers(self, request, **kwargs):
        request.headers = collections.OrderedDict(
            ((key, value) for key, value in sorted(request.headers.items()))
        )

session = requests.Session()
session.mount("http://", SortedHTTPAdapter())

In the example headers are just sorted but one can order them in any way. I chose that method after going through requests code and reading the method's docstring:

Add any headers needed by the connection. As of v2.0 this does nothing by default, but is left for overriding by users that subclass the HTTPAdapter <requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter> class.

For absolute control one could override the send method probably.

回答2:

You can try to use the OrderedDict class to store the headers, instead of request's default one:

>>> from collections import OrderedDict
>>> from requests import Session
>>> s = Session()
>>> s.headers
CaseInsensitiveDict({'Accept-Encoding': ... 'User-Agent': ... 'Accept': '*/*'})
>>> s.headers = OrderedDict([('User-Agent', 'foo-bar'), ('Accept', 'nothing')])
>>> s.headers
OrderedDict([('User-Agent', 'foo-bar'), ('Accept', 'nothing')])