Is implicit function declaration legal in C89?

问题:

Consider this C program:

int main()
{
    puts("Hello world!");
    return 0;
}

This compiles and runs fine and as far as I understand, is legal C89. However, I'm not 100% sure about that. Compiling in C99 mode with clang informs me that implicit declaration of function 'puts' is invalid in C99 (which makes me think that the C standard must have changed in C99 to make implicit function declaration illegal, which is what I'm trying to confirm).

Is implicit function declaration legal in C89? (even if it's a bad idea to do it (unless your in an obfuscated C code challenge))

回答1:

Is implicit function declaration legal in C89?

Yes. From section 3.3.2.2:

If the expression that precedes the parenthesized argument list in a function call consists solely of an identifier, and if no declaration is visible for this identifier, the identifier is implicitly declared exactly as if, in the innermost block containing the function call, the declaration

    extern int  identifier();

appeared.

回答2:

Implicit declaration of function is legal in C89, but is removed in C99. This can be confirmed in C11(ISO/IEC 9899:201x) standard.

In the C11 Forward section, it lists all the major changes in the third edition(i.e, C11) and the second edition(i.e, C99), one of which is:

Major changes in the second edition included:

...

— remove implicit function declaration

Also in Rationale for International Standard Programming Languages C §6.5.2.2 Function calls

A new feature of C99: The rule for implicit declaration of functions has been removed in C99. The effect is to guarantee the production of a diagnostic that will catch an additional category of programming errors. After issuing the diagnostic, an implementation may choose to assume an implicit declaration and continue translation in order to support existing programs that exploited this feature.