Loading classes not present in the classpath

问题:

Let's say I've compiled a Groovy script using Groovyc, which has generated one or more .class files in the file system. From a Java application, how do I add those classes to the classpath dynamically in order to load them and call their methods? The goal is to pre-compile Groovy scripts and store them into the database, so evaluation can be performed from compiled versions of the scripts.

回答1:

You can create an instance of URLClassLoader to load new classes from a directory:

URL dirUrl = new URL("file:/" + "path_to_dir" + "/");             // 1
URLClassLoader cl = new URLClassLoader(new URL[] {dirUrl},
                             getClass().class.getClassLoader());  // 2
Class loadedClass = cl.loadClass("com.xyz.MyClass");
MyClass obj = (MyClass) loadedClass.newInstance();
obj.doSomething();

Line 1 creates the URL to the directory where the .class files reside.

Line 2 creates a new URLClassLoader instance. First argument is an array of URLs to be used as the source. You can specify multiple directory URLs within the array. Second argument is the classloader that will become the parent of this new classloader. We pass the classloader of the class executing the above code as this argument.

The classes loaded by a child classloader can access the classes loaded by the parent classloader.

回答2:

You need to write your own classloader.

This javadoc link has an example of how you can define a custom one.