问题:

int randomNumber = (arc4random() % 83) + 1;

Is this the best way to generate "the most random" number? Or is there a better way to generate a random number?

回答1:

arc4random has a superior algorithm for generating random numbers based on the current time. There are other rand functions but they are not as good and require seeding.

回答2:

When you use arc4random you avoid one pitfall of using % with linear congruential generators (which is the usual algorithm used by rand): the low-order bits aren't less random.

However, you still have truncation issues: i.e., because (1 << 32) % 83 is 77, that means that numbers between 0 and 76 appear (slightly) more frequently than numbers between 77 and 82. To avoid this, you should throw away the incoming value (i.e., call arc4random again) if it's above (1 << 32) / 83 * 83.

(I assume the range of arc4random is from 0 to 2³²-1. Adjust the above explanation accordingly.)

回答3:

The best random number generator I've ever seen (as well as a very clear definition of what random means) can be found in Stephen Wolfram's A New Kind of Science. He's been using a very simple cellular automata as his random number generator for decades in his Mathematica software program so it's been extremely well tested.