How to sync serial queue for URLSession tasks?

问题:

Using XCode-8.2.1, Swift-3.0.2 and iOS-10.2.1,

I am trying to call two different URLSession.shared.dataTasks (the first is a simple URL-request and the second is a POST-request).

Since my first dataTask delivers a result that is needed in the httpBody of the second dataTask, the two URLSession.shared.dataTasks shall run in series, one after the other! (and also the preparative code shall run consecutively).

I tried, so far, using two consecutive serialQueue.sync{} queues. But I had to realize that the code does not perform in the order I would like to.

The print-statement in the log turn out to be as follows:

Hmmmmmm 2
Hmmmmmm 1
Hmmmmmm 3

(instead of 1, 2, 3 as needed)!

How can you get the order 1, 2, 3 ??

(i.e. how can you make sure the httpBody of the second dataTask can be filled with a result coming from the first dataTask ?)

Here is my code: (not executable as URL's were taken out - but you get the point)!

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    let serialQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "myResourceQueue")
    var stationID: Int = 0

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.


        self.serialQueue.sync {
            let myResourceURL = URL(string: "myQueryString1")
            let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: myResourceURL!) { (data, response, error) in
                if (error != nil) {
                    // print(error.debugDescription)
                } else {
                    if let myData = data {
                        do {
                            let myJson = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: myData, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.mutableContainers) as AnyObject
                            // print(myJson)
                            // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
                            print("Hmmmmmm 1")
                            // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
                        } catch {
                            // error
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            task.resume()
        }
        self.serialQueue.sync {
            var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: "myQueryString2")!)
            request.httpMethod = "POST"
            request.addValue("API_id", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
            request.addValue("application/xml", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
            // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
            print("Hmmmmmm 2")
            // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
            let postString: String = "My_XML_POST_Body"
            request.httpBody = postString.data(using: .utf8)
            let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
                // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
                print("Hmmmmmm 3")
                // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
            }
            task.resume()
        }
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }
}

Any help appreciated!

回答1:

I finally found a solution:

Inspired by this answer, I introduced a URLSessionDataDelegate, together with its delegate callback-methods (i.e. didReceive response:, didReceive data: and didCompleteWithError error:.

Important: You need to set up your URLSession with a delegate in order to make the introduced URLSessionDelegate's callback methods work: Use URLSession(configuration: ....) for this like shown here:

let URLSessionConfig = URLSessionConfiguration.default
let session = URLSession(configuration: URLSessionConfig, delegate: self, delegateQueue: OperationQueue.main)

After that, you are good to go, i.e. the log is as expected now:

Hmmmmmm 1
Hmmmmmm 2
Hmmmmmm 3

Here is the final code (again not executable as URL's were taken out - but you get the point)!

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, URLSessionDataDelegate {

    var stationID: Int = 0
    let URLSessionConfig = URLSessionConfiguration.default
    var session: URLSession?
    var task1: URLSessionTask?
    var task2: URLSessionTask?

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

        self.session = URLSession(configuration: URLSessionConfig, delegate: self, delegateQueue: OperationQueue.main)

        // prepare dataTask Nr 1
        let myResourceURL = URL(string: "myQueryString1")
        self.task1 = session?.dataTask(with: myResourceURL!)

        // start dataTask Nr 1 (URL-request)
        self.task1?.resume()
    }

    // Optional: Use this method if you want to get a response-size information 
    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, dataTask: URLSessionDataTask, didReceive response: URLResponse, completionHandler: @escaping (URLSession.ResponseDisposition) -> Void) {

        // print(Int(response.expectedContentLength))
        completionHandler(URLSession.ResponseDisposition.allow)
    }

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, dataTask: URLSessionDataTask, didReceive data: Data) {

        if dataTask == self.task1 {
           do {
              let myJson = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: myData, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions.mutableContainers) as AnyObject
              // print(myJson)
              // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
              print("Hmmmmmm 1")
              // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

              // prepare dataTask Nr 2
              self.task2 = self.session?.dataTask(with: self.prepareMyURLRequest())
           } catch {
              // error
           }
        } else if dataTask == self.task2 {

            // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
            print("Hmmmmmm 3")
            // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

        } else {
            print("unknown dataTask callback")
        }
    }

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: Error?) {
       if (error != nil) {
          // print(error.debugDescription)
       } else if task == self.task1 {

          // start dataTask Nr 2 (POST URL-request)
          self.task2?.resume()
       }
    }

    func prepareMyURLRequest() -> URLRequest {
        var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: "myQueryString2")!)
        request.httpMethod = "POST"
        request.addValue("API_id", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
        request.addValue("application/xml", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
        // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
        print("Hmmmmmm 2")
        // !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
        let postString: String = "My_XML_POST_Body"
        request.httpBody = postString.data(using: .utf8)
        return request
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }

}

回答2:

If task2 needs the results from task1 you should start task2 from the completion block of task1

URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
    // process task1 and setup request2
    URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request2) { data, response, error in
        // process task2
    }.resume()
}.resume()

Of course, this will get a bit unwieldy with multiple requests, so it might be better to use Promises & Futures. There are several implementations of Promises & Futures for Swift, e.g. Promis.