How to shuffle a std::vector?

问题:

I am looking for a generic, reusable way to shuffle a std::vector in C++. This is how I currently do it, but I think it\'s not very efficient because it needs an intermediate array and it needs to know the item type (DeckCard in this example):

srand(time(NULL));

cards_.clear();

while (temp.size() > 0) {
    int idx = rand() % temp.size();
    DeckCard* card = temp[idx];
    cards_.push_back(card);
    temp.erase(temp.begin() + idx);
}

回答1:

For C++98 you may use:

#include <algorithm>

std::random_shuffle(cards_.begin(), cards_.end());

From C++11 onwards, you should prefer:

#include <algorithm>
#include <random>

auto rng = std::default_random_engine {};
std::shuffle(std::begin(cards_), std::end(cards_), rng);

Live example on Coliru

Make sure to reuse the same instance of rng throughout multiple calls to std::shuffle if you intend to generate different permutations every time!

回答2:

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/algorithm/shuffle/

// shuffle algorithm example
#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <algorithm>    // std::shuffle
#include <vector>       // std::vector
#include <random>       // std::default_random_engine
#include <chrono>       // std::chrono::system_clock

int main () 
{
    // obtain a time-based seed:
    unsigned seed = std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
    std::default_random_engine e(seed);

    while(true)
    {
      std::vector<int> foo{1,2,3,4,5};

      std::shuffle(foo.begin(), foo.end(), e);

      std::cout << \"shuffled elements:\";
      for (int& x: foo) std::cout << \' \' << x;
      std::cout << \'\\n\';
    }

    return 0;
}

回答3:

In addition to what @Cicada said, you should probably seed first,

srand(unsigned(time(NULL)));
std::random_shuffle(cards_.begin(), cards_.end());

Per @FredLarson\'s comment:

the source of randomness for this version of random_shuffle() is implementation defined, so it may not use rand() at all. Then srand() would have no effect.

So YMMV.

回答4:

If you are using boost you could use this class (debug_mode is set to false, if you want that the randomizing could be predictable beetween execution you have to set it to true):

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <boost/random/mersenne_twister.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int.hpp>
#include <boost/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp>
#include <boost/random/variate_generator.hpp>
#include <algorithm> // std::random_shuffle

using namespace std;
using namespace boost;

class Randomizer {
private:
    static const bool debug_mode = false;
    random::mt19937 rng_;

    // The private constructor so that the user can not directly instantiate
    Randomizer() {
        if(debug_mode==true){
            this->rng_ = random::mt19937();
        }else{
            this->rng_ = random::mt19937(current_time_nanoseconds());
        }
    };

    int current_time_nanoseconds(){
        struct timespec tm;
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tm);
        return tm.tv_nsec;
    }

    // C++ 03
    // ========
    // Dont forget to declare these two. You want to make sure they
    // are unacceptable otherwise you may accidentally get copies of
    // your singleton appearing.
    Randomizer(Randomizer const&);     // Don\'t Implement
    void operator=(Randomizer const&); // Don\'t implement

public:
    static Randomizer& get_instance(){
        // The only instance of the class is created at the first call get_instance ()
        // and will be destroyed only when the program exits
        static Randomizer instance;
        return instance;
    }

    template<typename RandomAccessIterator>
    void random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last){
        boost::variate_generator<boost::mt19937&, boost::uniform_int<> > random_number_shuffler(rng_, boost::uniform_int<>());
        std::random_shuffle(first, last, random_number_shuffler);
    }

    int rand(unsigned int floor, unsigned int ceil){
        random::uniform_int_distribution<> rand_ = random::uniform_int_distribution<> (floor,ceil);
        return (rand_(rng_));
    }
};

Than you can test it with this code:

#include \"Randomizer.h\"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main (int argc, char* argv[]) {
    vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(1);v.push_back(2);v.push_back(3);v.push_back(4);v.push_back(5);
    v.push_back(6);v.push_back(7);v.push_back(8);v.push_back(9);v.push_back(10);

    Randomizer::get_instance().random_shuffle(v.begin(), v.end());
    for(unsigned int i=0; i<v.size(); i++){
        cout << v[i] << \", \";
    }
    return 0;
}