LINQ - GroupBy a key and then put each grouped ite

问题:

I have a list of items as such:

public class Item
{
    public int ItemId { get; set; }
    public string ItemName { get; set; }
    public int ListId { get; set; }
}

1 Test1 1

2 Test2 1

3 Test3 1

4 List 2

5 List2 2

6 Testing 3

7 Testing2 3

8 Testing3 3

Is there a way for me to group by the ListId and put them into each separate buckets, i.e, ListId1 bucket will have all items with ListId == 1. The list is dynamically returned from SQL, so I don't know before hand how many ListId there will be.

回答1:

You can use GroupBy:

var groups = items.GroupBy(item => item.ListId);

foreach(var group in groups)
{
     Console.WriteLine("List with ID == {0}", group.Key);
     foreach(var item in group)
        Console.WriteLine("    Item: {0}", item.ItemName);
}

回答2:

Let's create your list of items:

List<Item> items = new List<Item>();
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 1, ItemName = "Test1", ListId = 1 });
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 2, ItemName = "Test2", ListId = 1 });
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 3, ItemName = "Test3", ListId = 1 });
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 4, ItemName = "List", ListId = 2 });
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 5, ItemName = "List2", ListId = 2 });
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 6, ItemName = "Testing", ListId = 3 });
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 7, ItemName = "Testing2", ListId = 3 });
items.Add(new Item() { ItemId = 8, ItemName = "Testing3", ListId = 3 });

var groupByResult = items.GroupBy(i => i.ListId);

After this GroupBy call, groupByResult is a variable of type IEnumerable<IGrouping<int, Item>> which is basically a collection of objects that implement IGrouping interface. This allows you to iterate through all items as IGrouping is derived from IEnumerable<> and has an extra field named Key:

public interface IGrouping<out TKey, out TElement> : IEnumerable<TElement>, IEnumerable
{
    TKey Key { get; }
}

Briefly said, a GroupBy method call returns a list of lists. An outer list corresponds to 'buckets' as you mentioned in your question. Then each 'bucket' contains items corresponding to that 'bucket'. To be specific to your example, the value of groupByResult is depicted in this screenshot. As we can see there, your initial collection was grouped into three different buckets that have 3, 2 and 3 items, respectively.

As for accessing items in these groups, you can use simple LINQ:

List<Item> firstBucketItems = groupByResult.First(i => i.Key == 1).ToList();
List<Item> secondBucketItems = groupByResult.First(i => i.Key == 2).ToList();
List<Item> thirdBucketItems = groupByResult.First(i => i.Key == 3).ToList();

Or you can just iterate through all items:

foreach (var itemGroup in groupByResult)
{
    int groupKey = itemGroup.Key;

    foreach (Item item in itemGroup)
    {
        // Do whatever...
    }
}

回答3:

    IList<Student> studentList = new List<Student>()
    { 
    new Student() { StudentID = 1, StudentName = "John", Age = 18 } ,
    new Student() { StudentID = 2, StudentName = "Steve",  Age = 21 } ,
    new Student() { StudentID = 3, StudentName = "Bill",  Age = 18 } ,
    new Student() { StudentID = 4, StudentName = "Ram" , Age = 20 } ,
    new Student() { StudentID = 5, StudentName = "Abram" , Age = 21 } 
    };

var groupedResult = from s in studentList group s by s.Age;

//iterate each group

foreach (var ageGroup in groupedResult)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Age Group: {0}", ageGroup.Key); //Each group has a key 

    foreach(Student s in ageGroup) // Each group has inner collection
        Console.WriteLine("Student Name: {0}", s.StudentName);
}