How to get a random string of 32 hexadecimal digit

问题:

I'd like to put together a command that will print out a string of 32 hexadecimal digits. I've got a Python script that works:

python -c 'import random ; print "".join(map(lambda t: format(t, "02X"), [random.randrange(256) for x in range(16)]))'

This generates output like:

6EF6B30F9E557F948C402C89002C7C8A 

Which is what I need.

On a Mac, I can even do this:

uuidgen | tr -d '-'

However, I don't have access to the more sophisticated scripting languages ruby and python, and I won't be on a Mac (so no uuidgen). I need to stick with more bash'ish tools like sed, awk, /dev/random because I'm on a limited platform. Is there a way to do this?

回答1:

If you have hexdump then:

hexdump -n 16 -e '4/4 "%08X" 1 "\n"' /dev/random

should do the job.

Explanation:

• -n 16 to consume 16 bytes of input (32 hex digits = 16 bytes).
• 4/4 "%08X" to iterate four times, consume 4 bytes per iteration and print the corresponding 32 bits value as 8 hex digits, with leading zeros, if needed.
• 1 "\n" to end with a single newline.

回答2:

There three ways that I know of:

#!/bin/bash

n=16 

# Read n bytes from urandom (in hex):
xxd -l "$n" -p                    /dev/urandom | tr -d " \n" ; echo
od  -vN "$n" -An -tx1             /dev/urandom | tr -d " \n" ; echo
hexdump -vn "$n" -e ' /1 "%02x"'  /dev/urandom ; echo

Use one, comment out the other two.

回答3:

Here are a few more options, all of which have the nice property of providing an obvious and easy way to directly select the length of the output string. In all the cases below, changing the '32' to your desired string length is all you need to do.

#works in bash and busybox, but not in ksh
tr -dc 'A-F0-9' < /dev/urandom | head -c32

#works in bash and ksh, but not in busybox
tr -dc 'A-F0-9' < /dev/urandom | dd status=none bs=1 count=32

#works in bash, ksh, AND busybox! w00t!
tr -dc 'A-F0-9' < /dev/urandom | dd bs=1 count=32 2>/dev/null

EDIT: Tested in different shells.

回答4:

If you are looking for a single command and have openssl installed, see below. Generate random 16 bytes (32 hex symbols) and encode in hex (also -base64 is supported).

openssl rand -hex 16